Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley compared semaglutide directly with calorie restriction, one of the best-known interventions for extending lifespan in laboratory animals. The drug reproduced many of the anti-aging effects of eating less, but in several important areas, it appeared to go even further.

The findings raise an intriguing possibility: GLP-1 drugs may influence the aging process itself. Earlier animal studies have shown that these drugs can delay the onset of multiple age-related diseases. If semaglutide acts on biological mechanisms that drive aging, that could help explain why GLP-1 treatments have shown benefits across such a wide range of health conditions.

“Most chronic diseases are deeply rooted in the aging process. If GLP-1 agonists do indeed slow it down, then a wide range of clinical benefits is exactly what you’d expect to see,” said Rafael de Cabo, Ph.D., a senior investigator at the NIH’s National Institute on Aging (NIA), and author of a commentary on the new study.

Testing Semaglutide Late in Life

To see what semaglutide could do when aging was already well underway, a research team led by Danica Chen, Ph.D., gave the drug to 20-month-old female mice for three months.

Compared with untreated mice, the animals receiving semaglutide showed better muscle and cognitive function. Gene activity also revealed improvements in several biological features associated with aging, including reduced inflammation and less decline in the body’s ability to repair and regenerate tissue.

The lifespan results were especially striking. In a separate group treated with semaglutide until death, median lifespan was nearly 100 days longer than in untreated mice.

Was Eating Less the Real Reason?

Because semaglutide reduces appetite, the researchers wanted to know whether the apparent anti-aging effects simply came from consuming fewer calories.

To test that idea, they directly compared semaglutide with calorie restriction. For five months, one group of 20-month-old female mice received semaglutide, while another was placed on a 24% calorie-restricted diet designed to match how much the treated mice were eating.

The two approaches produced many similar effects, and most physiological measurements remained stable. But semaglutide stood out in several areas.

Mice receiving the drug improved beyond their starting levels in exploratory behavior, spatial memory, and blood-sugar maintenance. Their metabolic rate also remained largely unchanged, while metabolism slowed in the calorie-restricted animals.

Those differences suggest that semaglutide may be doing more than simply recreating the effects of eating less.

“These differences point to the possibility that GLP-1 drugs tap into a biological pathway independent of calorie restriction. Uncovering this potential route and the benefits that may specifically stem from it is an important direction for future research into the development of longevity-enhancing interventions,” said Chen, corresponding author of the study and professor of metabolic biology and nutrition at UC Berkeley.

Could GLP-1 Drugs Affect Human Aging?

The findings could open new directions in longevity research, but they do not show that Ozempic, Wegovy, or other GLP-1 drugs can extend human lifespan.

Additional clinical research will be needed to determine whether the effects seen in mice translate to people. One example is the recent post-hoc analysis of the SLIM LIVER trial, but further studies will be necessary to establish whether GLP-1 drugs can meaningfully influence human aging or longevity.

Chen said future clinical studies may also investigate these drugs in healthy older adults. If researchers eventually find similar benefits in people without obesity or diabetes, the potential uses of GLP-1 treatments could broaden considerably.

NIH supported this research through NIA grants R01AG063404, R01AG063389, and R01AG082105.

The research was led by Professor Lu Qi of Tulane University, New Orleans, USA. He said: “Previous observational studies have linked nighttime light exposure with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the related cardiac structure and functional changes. We carried out this research to find out what happens to the heart over time when people are exposed to too much light at nighttime.”

Tracking Nighttime Light Exposure

The study included 11,071 participants from the UK Biobank. Each person wore a light sensor on their wrist for seven days, allowing researchers to measure how much light they were exposed to during the night.

Three years later, the participants underwent cardiac MRI scans. These detailed images allowed scientists to examine the structure of the heart as well as how effectively it was functioning.

The researchers then compared participants who experienced nighttime light levels above three lux with those who were exposed to almost no light at night.

Changes Found Inside the Heart

People exposed to higher levels of nighttime light showed thickening in the wall of the left ventricle (one of the chambers of the heart). As the wall became thicker, the amount of space inside the chamber was reduced.

The scans also revealed signs that the heart muscle was less able to flex normally during each heartbeat. Reduced flexibility can be an early sign that the heart is beginning to function less effectively. Changes were also detected in the right ventricles and left atria (two other chambers of the heart).

Professor Qi said: “This is the first study of its kind, and it shows that exposure to higher levels of light at nighttime is linked to cardiac remodeling. This is where the structure and function of the heart changes, and we typically see it in response to chronic stress or injury to the heart. It’s our body’s way of adapting to that stress, but ultimately it weakens the heart and can lead to heart failure.

“Light pollution has emerged as a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Our findings, together with evidence from other studies, suggest that reduction of nighttime light exposure should be considered as one of the potential strategies for preventing heart disease by clinicians and policy makers.”

Could Darker Bedrooms Help Protect the Heart?

The findings were accompanied by an editorial from Professor Thomas Münzel of University Medical Center Mainz, Germany, and colleagues. They argued that doctors may need to pay more attention to how much light their patients encounter at night, particularly among people already dealing with certain heart conditions.

They said: “It is time for clinicians, particularly those managing patients with heart failure or atrial fibrillation, to start asking about the sleep environment: how dark the bedroom is, whether the patient works night shifts, and how much screen use occurs after sunset. The advice is simple and inexpensive: blackout curtains, warm-coloured bedside lighting, and covering the small standby LEDs on household electronics. From a public health perspective, the implications are larger still. Light pollution is one of the few environmental hazards that cities can control directly and affordably. Shielded fixtures, warm-spectrum bulbs, and dimming or motion-activated streetlights are already available, energy-efficient, and climate-friendly.

“Ultimately, this study is more than an interesting observation. It provides a crucial link between what satellites already show us, i.e. a planet glowing ever brighter at night, and the clinical reality unfolding inside our chests: hearts that are becoming stiffer, weaker, and less efficient. The relationship is biologically coherent, the effect sizes are clinically meaningful, and the dose-response is unambiguous: more light, worse outcomes. The takeaway is clear, darkness deserves recognition as a vital sign, as essential to cardiovascular health as blood pressure control and clean air.”

Researchers at DTU have created a tiny nanolaser that could eventually help make computers, smartphones, and data centers faster while using much less energy. The breakthrough was published in the scientific journalScience Advances.

In the future, thousands of these lasers could potentially be integrated onto a single microchip. Instead of moving information around a chip with electrical signals, devices could transmit data using photons, the particles that make up light.

“The nanolaser opens up the possibility of creating a new generation of components that combine high performance with minimal size. This could be in information technology, for example, where ultra-small and energy-efficient lasers can reduce energy consumption in computers, or in the development of sensors for the healthcare sector, where the nanolaser’s extreme light concentration can deliver high-resolution images and ultrasensitive biosensors,” says DTU professor Jesper Mørk.

Mørk co-authored the study with, among others, Drs. Meng Xiong and Yi Yu from DTU Electro.

Using Light Inside Computer Chips

Much of the internet already relies on light to carry information through fiber optic cables. Inside computers, however, data still moves through electronic circuits using electricity. That approach produces heat and can limit how quickly information can be transferred.

Nanolasers could bring optical communication directly onto microchips. By generating light signals efficiently inside the chip, they could allow information to move with very little energy loss, potentially making future devices faster, cooler, and more energy efficient.

Mørk estimates that using nanolasers in computers could reduce energy consumption by as much as half.

The compact DTU nanolaser is an important step toward that goal. Future chips designed around light-based communication would likely require thousands of extremely small, efficient lasers working together to transmit information across the chip.

Breaking the Size Limit for Lasers

The new nanolaser was created in DTU’s clean room facility, DTU Nanolab. According to Mørk, the device pushes beyond the conventional limit for how small a laser can be made.

At its core is a structure known as a nanocavity, which traps and concentrates light within an exceptionally tiny space. Until now, achieving such intense confinement at this scale had been considered extremely difficult.

When researchers shine a beam of light onto the device, both photons and electrons become concentrated in the same microscopic region. This interaction allows the laser to function at room temperature while requiring unusually little energy.

The light-trapping structure used in the nanolaser was originally developed by Professor Ole Sigmund’s group at DTU Construct.

Faster Devices and Lower Energy Use

The next major challenge is making the nanolaser operate using electrical power. If researchers can achieve that, the technology could have broad applications across computing, communications, and healthcare.

Computers and smartphones could potentially deliver greater performance while consuming less electricity. Data centers, which require enormous amounts of power, could also see substantial reductions in energy use, potentially leading to significant climate benefits.

In healthcare technology, the nanolaser’s ability to concentrate light into an extremely small area could support ultra-sensitive sensors and high-resolution imaging systems.

Researchers estimate that the remaining technical challenges could be solved within the next 5-10 years.

But summer 2026 is breaking the norm, and there don’t seem to be many wasps about. As a wasp biologist, I’ve noticed it acutely, because my students need wasps for their experiments, and we simply can’t find them.

A second sign that something is wrong is the absence of wasp stories in the media. Wasps tend to be more active in warmer weather. Their colonies grow faster and bigger, and they end up making news headlines by bothering humans. This time last year – also a warm spring and hot summer – the media airwaves were filled with “plagues of wasps” stories. Now, even professional pest-controllers tell me it’s a quiet year with very few requests to remove wasp nests.

Admittedly, these are anecdotes not data: the Big Wasp Survey – the only national wasp monitoring survey – is yet to start sampling this summer. But the signs are not good.

If data back this up, their absence worries me greatly because – love them or hate them – wasps are important in ecosystems as pest-controllers, pollinators and decomposers.

So what’s happening?

Spring started well for wasps. In the warm, dry spring a glut of glorious foundresses – new queens – emerged from hibernation to start their nests alone, carrying out all the nest building, egg laying, foraging and brood rearing. This nest-founding period is a risky time. If a new queen survives until her first brood emerges as adult workers, though, then the odds are in her favour as she no longer needs to undertake risky foraging.

But spring 2026 was strange: the warm, dry start should have been good. Warm, dry spring weather improves a nest’s chance of survival as it ensures a good nectar supply for the queen to develop her ovaries and good prey populations for her to feed the brood. But we experienced unprecedented heat for the time of year, punctuated by cold, damp days and followed by unexpectedly chilly nights.

Such weather extremes may have caused queens to abandon their nests or die, reducing the initial spring queen bounty to a more modest population.

Temperature tolerance

And then came the heatwave. And another. And another. Some insects may benefit from this. Wildlife charity Butterfly Conservation is hoping 2026 could be a “bumper summer of butterflies” because warm, dry days mean uninterrupted foraging, mating and egg-laying.

But all insects have a thermal tolerance called critical thermal maximum (CTmax). If their CTmax is exceeded, insects succumb to desiccation, muscle spasms and eventual stupor.

For honeybees, this is around 49°C – which might sound high, yet ground surfaces exceeded 50°C in the UK heatwaves this summer. But the temperature doesn’t need to reach an animal’s CTmax to affect their productivity and behaviour. For example, bumblebee cognition and foraging efficiency are impaired by heatwaves of 32°C.

Bumblebee Conservation Trust raised concerns that 2026 may exacerbate a declining trend in bumblebee populations as flowers wither and bees fail to forage effectively.

Wasps are thought to be quite resilient to extreme weather. They are one of the most successful invasive species around the globe. And as a social insect, their thermoregulation behavior (such as wing fanning to cool the larvae) and nest architecture (which has insulating envelopes surrounding the brood combs) may help buffer any environmental perturbations.

Insects also have waxy molecules called cuticular hydrocarbons that coat their exoskeletons protecting them from desiccation. Social wasp cuticular hydrocarbons change structure in response to heat, better protecting them from desiccation in excessive heat.

Their varied diets should also buffer them from imbalances in prey populations. However, their CTmax may be lower than other social insects – at around 45°C (113°F) – which may have made them especially vulnerable to the high ground temperatures of the 2026 heatwaves.

Why are the wasps so small?

There’s something else that I’ve noticed: the few wasps I’ve seen are rather small. The adult size of many insects is fixed during their development, depending on the quality and quantity of food they receive as larvae. Wasps don’t get bigger once they’ve pupated.

The first workers to emerge in spring are usually small because the queen is limited in how much food she can provide for them alone. But by early August, the foraging capacity of the colony has increased exponentially, brood are better fed and the emerging workers are substantially larger.

So why are we still seeing “spring-sized” wasps? It’s possible that limited diversity and abundance of prey may mean their nutrition is restricted. The problem may also be more directly linked to heat. Insect larvae reared at higher temperatures will develop faster and reach pupation at a smaller size.

Global warming is thought to explain the trend in social wasps shrinking in size over the last 100 years. We could be seeing this in real-time this year.

How can you help wasps?

Share your alfresco meal with a wasp. When it approaches, don’t flap it away. Watch to see what it wants. In the absence of wild prey, it might be desperate for some protein (your picnic ham) to feed her brood. In the absence of flowers for nectar, it might be in need of something sugary (some jam) for her own nutrition.

My research team would also like you to share your wasp observations with us, so that we can better understand these important insects. Snap a photo of her eating and submit your data to the Wasp Picnic Survey 2026: Ham or Jam?. Keep the observations coming all summer. The wasps (and wasp scientists) will thank you.