This Will Not Be Over Quickly

Italy provides a glimpse of what’s coming soon to the rest of Europe, the USA, and other parts of the world.

Here’s what’s happening in the Italian city of Parma:

The intensive care units are now all full. Hospital wards are spilling out into corridors, tents, car parks, gardens and commercial warehouses. We are hearing words – like “triage” – which are usually associated with warfare. Medics and nurses are having to make decisions on which patients to prioritise. Some doctors have died, and others have compared the numbers of admissions to dealing with “an earthquake every day”.

Source: The Guardian (Mar 15)

There are also reports of prison riots breaking out, including prisoners escaping and several prisoners being killed.

From that same piece:

What’s intriguing is that all the adjectives you might normally use to describe Italy (sociable, excitable, chaotic, undisciplined, polemical, fun and – despite all its troubles – somehow optimistic) have become redundant. It feels completely the opposite: isolated, calm, orderly, obedient, cowed, dour and pessimistic. It’s as if the country has suddenly discovered a different, maybe deeper, side. It’s a sterner, more serious place.

Meanwhile in Las Vegas:

Buffets are closing, nightclubs and day clubs are shuttering, conventions are cancelling and putting people out of jobs and resorts are using thermal cameras to screen guests for fevers – a symptom of the coronavirus causing grocery store calamity and self-imposed isolation across the globe.

Yet thousands of people are walking up and down the Las Vegas Strip.

They pick through Sin City t-shirts at Planet Hollywood. They pack the buffet at Bally’s, one of the few left open. They stand elbow-to-elbow at crosswalks.

They lean over the edge at the Fountains of Bellagio and wait for the music to begin.

Sitting near the food court in Planet Hollywood’s Miracle Mile Shops is 41-year-old Burt Harshman, a hulking construction worker from Kansas.

He’s been in town since Tuesday for CONEXPO-CON/AGG 2020 – one of the conventions that went on as planned despite coronavirus concerns.

“I think it’s stupid,” Harshman said of coronavirus fallout. “All of it.”

To his left is another construction guy named Mitch Evans, a 31-year-old worker also in town for the convention.

“You know how much money Las Vegas is losing because people are freaking out?” Evans asked.

“The whole country’s losing money,” Harshman said. “If we’re not tough enough to deal with a bug, society has gotten to be a bunch of pansies.”

Source: USA Today (Mar 14)

This week some of those people who were “partying through the apocalypse” on the Vegas Strip will start showing flu-like symptoms. Some will take the illness back home with them and infect more people. And more people will die as a result in the weeks and months ahead.

We know that the coronavirus is already on the Vegas Strip, as multiple infections have already been detected there, including among employees who’ve been working there.

Despite multiple calls not to do so, including from local unions, the Clark County School District still intends to keep all Vegas public schools open for classes as usual on Monday. That’s a mistake that will cost lives. Do not open the schools.

Of the 83,083 people worldwide who have “completed” their coronavirus infections so far, 6,485 (7.9%) completed it by dying rather than recovering. By the time you’re reading this, those numbers will have gone up.

The attitude that many Americans still exude is the same kind of attitude that Italians initially had when the virus outbreak began there. This attitude isn’t far removed from the attitude of the construction workers visiting Las Vegas.

This attitude isn’t courage or bravado. It isn’t optimism. It’s irrationality.

How well does irrationality work with a pandemic? It doesn’t.

The Italians know this all too well, and they’re trying to warn the rest of the world not to react as they initially did because each day that they delayed is now costing them more lives and more time under lockdown.

Yesterday 175 people died from the virus in Italy. Today their death toll is more than double that – 368 so far. More than 1800 people have died there in the past 3 weeks. And this will keep going up and up and up for a while longer.

So far we have over 3300 known cases in the USA, and we’re still severely under-testing. Italy added more than this many new cases (about 3600) just in the past 24 hours. It won’t be long before the USA is reporting that many new cases daily, and then we’ll blow right past that.

So far only 63 people have died from this virus in the USA. That seems like hardly anything, right? But it’s the exponential growth rate that we need to pay attention to. Two weeks ago (on March 1st), Italy had reported only 34 coronavirus deaths.

The U.S. population is about 5.5 times that of Italy. But in terms of the quality of our medical system, we actually lag behind theirs, so we’re even less prepared for this than they are.

The U.S. federal response to this virus has been underwhelming to say the least. More governors and mayors are expressing major frustration with federal agencies to get their acts together. The governor of my home state called the situation “infuriating.”

Here’s the current result of the recent travel restrictions from Europe and what the Mayor of Chicago thinks of it:


Soon the U.S. death toll will be in the hundreds, then the thousands, then the tens of thousands, and then the hundreds of thousands. The sooner we change our tune and listen to what Italy, China, and other parts of the world are trying to warn us about, the fewer casualties we’ll have at the tail end, and the less time we’ll all need to be in lockdown.

The USA is gradually figuring this out, albeit slowly. Those states and cities that are further along the infection curve are figuring this out sooner. New York City is already considering a lockdown.

If you encounter anyone who’s still saying that this is “just the flu” or “media hype” or any other B.S. like that, do what you can to educate them and persuade them to stretch towards rational behavior. Also do what you can to block or derail them from spreading further irrationality and getting more people killed. You’ll be saving lives.

Invest your energy where you can help turn the ship from incompetence to rationality as best you can. This is a situation where we must lean into action. Remind yourself that even if you get a bit of social blowback, you could actually be saving many lives by taking action even a few hours sooner.

This will not be over quickly. That’s the reality we must accept.

When we do go into lockdown, the time there will likely be measured in months. It’s unrealistic to assume that we’ll be through this in a couple of weeks and that things will be back to normal within a month. This situation will get way more serious for many weeks before it starts getting better. We need to surrender to spending this entire Spring very differently.

In the meantime do your part to get the word out that people need to Stay the Fuck Home.

Update: A few hours after I posted this, the Governor of Nevada announced that all schools are closed. Same goes for New York City. We’re making progress, but we need to go even faster.

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Health24.com | Coronavirus in SA: President confirms first local transmission in the country

President Cyril Ramaphosa on Sunday confirmed that South Africa has its first confirmed case of a local transmission of the new coronavirus.

Previously, all the confirmed cases in the country involved people who had returned to South Africa from travelling overseas.

During an address to the nation, the president also said total confirmed cases were now at 61.

In his address, the president also mentioned a Wits University student had tested positive for the virus.

Earlier on Sunday, News24 reported the Department of Health as saying that the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) was conducting a “confirmatory test” on the specimen of a Wits University student who had tested positive for the Covid-19 virus.

On Sunday, the tertiary institution said the medical student had tested positive for the virus, despite not showing any symptoms of the virus.

The university’s senior executive made the announcement in an email circulated to staff and students on Sunday. 

The student had been in self-isolation since Wednesday – a precaution taken by the university while they waited on his test results.

The student was tested last week, and results came back positive on Sunday afternoon.

The department said the test had been conducted by a private laboratory.

NICD to confirm

“As previously announced by the Minister of Health, on receiving positive results from a private laboratory, the NICD will conduct a retest in order to confirm and validate the results before they are released,” the statement read.

The department added that it would make a formal announcement once the NICD’s results were available.

The Wits senior executive team said the student was “asymptomatic and attended classes last Monday and Tuesday, without knowledge that the student had contracted the virus”.

The university’s statement added that the institution had since taken an immediate decision to cancel all contact classes for the Graduate Medical Programme 1 (MMBBCh 3 classes). The programme will continue online.

The university has also instructed students in the programme to immediately go into self-isolation for 14 days.

“The Faculty is personally reaching out to each of the 350 students who could be affected. They will receive the full support of the Faculty, including the requisite monitoring and testing,” the executive team said.

Dean of Students Jerome September would be making arrangements for students in residences who required self-isolation.

More to follow

READ | Coronavirus in SA: All the confirmed cases

READ | Kids still get the coronavirus – even if symptoms are mostly mild

READ | Coronavirus 101: Here’s what you need to know

WATCH | What you need to know about social distancing and the new virus

Image credit: Getty Images

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PrEP: Preventative HIV drug available in England from April

The pill is already free in Scotland to people who are at the highest risk of contracting the virus.

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Earth’s mantle, not its core, may have generated planet’s early magnetic field

New research lends credence to an unorthodox retelling of the story of early Earth first proposed by a geophysicist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego.

In a study appearing March 15 in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Scripps Oceanography researchers Dave Stegman, Leah Ziegler, and Nicolas Blanc provide new estimates for the thermodynamics of magnetic field generation within the liquid portion of the early Earth’s mantle and show how long that field was available.

The paper provides a “door-opening opportunity” to resolve inconsistencies in the narrative of the planet’s early days. Significantly, it coincides with two new studies from UCLA and Arizona State University geophysicists that expand on Stegman’s concept and apply it in new ways.

“Currently we have no grand unifying theory for how Earth has evolved thermally,” Stegman said. “We don’t have this conceptual framework for understanding the planet’s evolution. This is one viable hypothesis.”

The trio of studies are the latest developments in a paradigm shift that could change how Earth history is understood.

It has been a bedrock tenet of geophysics that Earth’s liquid outer core has always been the source of the dynamo that generates its magnetic field. Magnetic fields form on Earth and other planets that have liquid, metallic cores, rotate rapidly, and experience conditions that make the convection of heat possible.

In 2007, researchers in France proposed a radical departure from the long-held assumption that the Earth’s mantle has remained entirely solid since the very beginnings of the planet. They argued that during the first half of the planet’s 4.5-billion-year history, the bottom third of Earth’s mantle would have had to have been molten, which they call “the basal magma ocean.” Six years later, Stegman and Ziegler expanded upon that idea, publishing the first work showing how this once-liquid portion of the lower mantle, rather than the core, could have exceeded the thresholds needed to create Earth’s magnetic field during that time.

The Earth’s mantle is made of silicate material that is normally a very poor electrical conductor. Therefore, even if the lowermost mantle were liquid for billions of years, rapid fluid motions inside it wouldn’t produce large electrical currents needed for magnetic field generation, similar to how Earth’s dynamo currently works in the core. Stegman’s team asserted the liquid silicate might actually be more electrically conductive than what was generally believed.

“Ziegler and Stegman first proposed the idea of a silicate dynamo for the early Earth,” said UCLA geophysicist Lars Stixrude. The idea was met with skepticism because their early results “showed that a silicate dynamo was only possible if the electrical conductivity of silicate liquid was remarkably high, much higher than had been measured in silicate liquids at low pressure and temperature.”

A team led by Stixrude used quantum-mechanical computations to predict the conductivity of silicate liquid at basal magma ocean conditions for the first time.

According to Stixrude, “we found very large values of the electrical conductivity, large enough to sustain a silicate dynamo.” The UCLA study appeared in the Feb. 25 issue of Nature Communications.

In another paper, Arizona State geophysicist Joseph O’Rourke applied Stegman’s concept to consider whether it’s possible that Venus might have at one point generated a magnetic field within a molten mantle.

These new studies are signs that the premise is starting to take hold, but is still far from being widely accepted.

“No one is going to believe it until they do it themselves and now two other highly esteemed scientists have done it themselves,” said Stegman.

“The pioneering studies of Dave Stegman and his collaborators directly inspired my work on Venus,” said O’Rourke. “Their recent paper helps answer a question that vexed scientists for many years: How has Earth’s magnetic field survived for billions of years?”

If Stegman’s premise is correct, it would mean the mantle could have provided the young planet’s first magnetic shield against cosmic radiation. It could also underpin studies of how tectonics evolved on the planet later in history.

“If the magnetic field was generated in the molten lower mantle above the core, then Earth had protection from the very beginning and that might have made life on Earth possible sooner,” Stegman said.

“Ultimately, our papers are complementary because they demonstrate that basal magma oceans are important to the evolution of terrestrial planets,” said O’Rourke. “Earth’s basal magma ocean has solidified but was key to the longevity of our magnetic field.”

The Scripps Oceanography study was funded by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, and a UC San Diego SEED Fellowship.

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We Need to Align With What’s Coming Next

We’ve seen a lot of changes in the world this week due to the coronavirus situation. I think what many people don’t yet realize is that the rate of change isn’t going to be linear. It’s going to accelerate.

Despite all the changes you’ve seen this week, next week’s changes will be bigger still… and the changes coming the week after that will be even bigger. So if your head is spinning now, it will spin twice as hard next week.

In the USA I see people making some adaptations, but they seem to be mentally making minimalist ones. By this I mean that they’re taking in what has occurred thus far, and they’re doing their best to make sense of it based on the events of the past few days. That isn’t going to be enough of an adaptation though. The mental models you’re most likely forming now will break within a week as the pace of change accelerates. You’re going to have to start thinking in terms of the bigger leaps that are coming.

This week in the USA we’ve seen lots of events being canceled. Disney’s parks are closed. Apple closed its U.S. stores. Other businesses will soon follow suit – in fact, most of them will. They just don’t realize it yet. If you’re still showing up at a job today, you probably won’t be by the end of the month.

The new fitness center that I joined in February sent an email earlier today, noting a reduced schedule starting on Monday as well as enhanced sanitization procedures between classes. This is a adaptation based on what’s already happened up to this point, but it’s not aligned with what’s about to happen next. I expect they’ll be closed by the end of the month, and I don’t think they see this yet.

I got a similar impression when I talked to my local guitar store to put my in-person lessons on hold till further notice. I told the employee that I talked to that I doubt the store will still be open two weeks from now. I don’t think he believed me.

These responses are understandable. People are basing their predictions on what they’ve just recently processed. They’re looking at what they see locally. But that isn’t where we should be looking to predict what the rest of this month will be like.

To date there are only 21 reported cases of coronavirus in the whole state of Nevada and zero deaths. The progression over the past several days has been something like 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 17, 21. It still looks small. But soon we’ll be in the hundreds, the thousands, and then the tens of thousands of infections. And unfortunately the deaths will follow.

The Mayor of Las Vegas has been furious at the media, as if it’s their fault for sabotaging the city, which of course depends heavily on tourism. She’s in an untenable position though, her job being akin to that of Baron Harkonnen in Dune – to keep the spice flowing at all costs. She must be under enormous pressure right now, and it’s only going to get worse for her in the days and weeks ahead.

The Vegas Strip is gradually becoming a ghost town, with so many events being canceled. Hotels are trying to adapt to what they think is the new and temporary reality. They’re closing buffets, restaurants, clubs, sports books, and shows… and offering major discounts for people still willing to book hotel rooms.

Given its huge reliance on tourism, Vegas is going to be hit way harder than most U.S. cities economically. People who work at the hotels and with the conventions can’t simply do their jobs from home, and now their work is drying up anyway. The layoffs on the Vegas Strip have already begun. The local economy is sure to crash and crash hard. That is inevitable at this point.

And yet the casinos are still trying to adapt. But by the end of the month, those adaptations aren’t really going to matter because the situation will be way beyond what it is now. They aren’t really going to have much choice other than surrendering to what’s unfolding.

As much as the stock market has been roller coastering this week, I expect it’s going to crash harder still, significantly lower than the lowest we’ve seen this week. You know who else thinks so? Michael Burry. You may remember him as the savvy hedge fund manager played by Christian Bale in the movie The Big Short – the guy who bet that the housing market would tank. He admits to presently wagering substantially against market indexes due to the unfolding coronavirus situation. Also consider that he’s not only an investor; he’s also a medical doctor. Although he doesn’t practice medicine, he’s kept his medical license active. He doesn’t believe that the “buy the dip” mentality (which causes rebounds) will endure what’s coming. I’m not invested in the stock market at all right now, but based on what I’m seeing, I think it’s going to be downhill for stocks even more.

Even people who are betting on Amazon Prime to pick up the slack should note that some are predicting that this service will come under heavy strain as more Amazon employees get sick and supply chains are further disrupted – and that it may not be as reliable as people expect. It still relies heavily on a large human workforce.

What about Netflix? Well, maybe that’s great for streaming from home, but also note that the company just announced that they’re halting production on all movies and series.

This situation affects us all. While many people are focusing on the economic fallout, we ought to look to saving lives first, especially since this is actionable at the individual level right now.

I know of one private school in Las Vegas that voluntarily closed this week, but the public schools here announced that they intend to remain open on Monday. Keeping the schools open will enable the infection to spread faster, and more deaths will result. It’s a big mistake.

To get a sense of what’s coming to the USA, we shouldn’t be looking around locally. We should be looking to parts of Europe that are a couple weeks ahead of us. Italy now has 21K+ reported cases and 1441 deaths, and the entire country has been on lockdown since Monday. Spain and France just announced that they’re following suit. And Ireland, Denmark, and the Netherlands are locked down as well.

The lockdowns are slightly different for each country, but they essentially mean that people must stay in their homes except for essential outings to get food or medicine. So grocery stores and pharmacies remain open, but schools, universities, hotels, retail stores, restaurants, bars, and non-essential businesses are shuttered.

Why is this being done at all? It’s to slow the rate of new infections.

The USA is lagging behind. Lockdowns seem extreme here still. I understand that impression. We must advance the story in our minds and hearts now though, not a week or two from now. Every day of delay means more infections and more deaths.

The main risk we face is that hospitals become overwhelmed by an increasingly rapid influx of new patients. That’s already happened in Northern Italy. Doctors there have to triage patients because there are too many critical ones to attend to. Meanwhile medical personnel themselves are getting sick too, even as they’re working to exhaustion to save lives. A few days ago, the President of the Medical Guild of Varese (a city in Northern Italy) died from respiratory failure due to coronavirus infection. More deaths of medical personnel will follow, which further strains an overstrained system.

Spain, France, Germany, and other parts of Europe are all about to enter similar phases, and the USA and UK won’t be far behind.

Some claim that the media are blowing this whole situation out of proportion. I think the opposite is true. As serious as this is now, it’s about to get a whole lot more serious. What you’re seeing reported in the media now will seem pretty tame a few weeks from now, and you may look back and wish they’d been louder and stronger in their voices.

We can’t just look at our local present realities to predict what’s coming. We must broaden our perspectives to pay attention to what’s happening elsewhere. And then we must continue to project forward still, not linearly but exponentially. I know this doesn’t come naturally. That doesn’t exempt us from the responsibility. Enough people are smart enough and observant enough to see what’s coming. We must sound the alarm, even at risk of being treated like Cassandra. This is too important not to do so.

The infections in many places are doubling roughly every week. In the beginning that seems small. It’s not a big deal to go from 10 to 20. It’s really going to look like a big deal when we’re going from 100K to 200K or from 1M to 2M in a week. We’re about to tax our medical system like never before.

It’s true that getting infected won’t be a big deal for most people health-wise. But this virus is way more deadly than the flu.

Of the 80K coronavirus cases that have ended so far, meaning that the people are no longer showing signs of infection, 93% concluded in recovery, and 7% concluded in death. And there are still 76K open cases that we know of… and still increasing rapidly each day.

But of course due to rampant under-testing, especially in the USA, the actual numbers are much higher, and they’re going to go much higher still. Many people are infected but aren’t symptomatic yet. Meanwhile they’re infecting others.

For people under 40, the mortality rate is about 0.2% (and virtually nil for children under 10). For people in their 40s like Rachelle and me, it’s double that (0.4%). For people in their 60s it’s 3.6%. For those in their 70s it’s 8%. And for those in the 80s or older, it’s 14.8%. So it’s a lot more dangerous for older people. It’s also significantly more dangerous for men than for women.

But these numbers depend heavily on whether people have access to good medical care. The risks go up substantially when hospitals get overloaded.

About 1 in 5 people who get infected will need to go to the hospital, and about 1 in 20 will need intensive care. On average, those who will die are averaging about 17 days from infection to death. Respiratory failure isn’t a pleasant way to go out (much like drowning).

The average person will infect 2.5 other people, and those people will infect more. So this isn’t just about you and your health and your personal risks. If you get infected, you’ll likely recover, and the experience will be much like having the flu, but there’s a good chance you’ll pass on the infection to other people, eventually contributing to a chain that sends people to the hospital and ends some people’s lives. Do you want to be responsible for that?

What we can do now is to take action to prevent becoming part of those chains. It’s too late to stop or fully prevent what’s coming because the infections have spread too far already, so there’s a sense of inevitability to what’s about to happen next. But we can still take personal action to slow it down. And we must in good conscience do that, starting immediately.

This means not going out unnecessarily and keeping in-person interactions to a minimum. As much as we may resist social distancing, we’ve got to do it, even before we feel it’s necessary. If it feels like you’re being too extreme, your timing is actually reasonable. The time to change your behavior is this very hour.

I know this isn’t pleasant, but get the picture in your mind of someone going through respiratory failure in a packed hospital hallway lined with critical patients who can’t get into the ICU. Imagine someone’s grandmother or grandfather painfully gasping for air, panicking and unable to even call for help as their lungs strain against the inevitable. No one is available to attend to them. No respirators are available. They’ve been triaged by an exhausted doctor or nurse, who’s also coughing while trying to save other people. Connect the dots between your actions and these consequences. Don’t languish in pretending.

If you don’t immediately remove yourself from this causal chain, you’re not just going to give some people the sniffles or a fever. You’re potentially going to snuff out some lives in a most painful way. You’ll be contributing to some serious misery.

Is this an over-the-top visualization? Is this extreme? No, this is what people are really dealing with in Italy right now. In Iran bodies are being dumped into mass graves visible from space. I wish this were a bad movie. But this is real. And we need to connect the dots between our actions and what we could very realistically cause and contribute to.

So many of us have been in denial of the causal chains of how our actions affect other lives. And here’s a huge wake-up call screaming at us to finally connect those dots.

Do you care? Does any of this make it through the objections of your mind?

I’m not willing to risk being the cause of someone else being unable to breathe. The very thought of that makes my own lungs tighten up, and I feel like I can barely breathe myself. Justifying some extra workouts at the fitness studio or squeezing in one more guitar lesson just isn’t rational. I cannot risk adding more bodies to those hospital hallways.

Rachelle and I are voluntarily isolating ourselves and have been doing so for several days already. We stopped going to the local fitness center earlier this week, and I canceled all in-person guitar lessons till further notice (my last lesson was a week ago). We canceled an in-person meetup with an out-of-town friend that we wanted to see this week as well. We’ll do our best to practice social distancing for as long as necessary.

I encourage and implore you to join us if COVID-19 has reached your city too, even if it seems extreme or early to take such actions.

Every day you continue going out is another day you could contribute to the chain of someone’s life being snuffed out early and most painfully. Regardless of what your local government is doing, we need to do what we can as individuals to slow this down.

The second thing you can do is to invite and encourage others to join you. I realize that many people will reject the idea and it may cause you some social strain to do this, but even if you only influence one extra person to take this step a day early, that can make a meaningful difference. Rachelle and I are doing this because other people made the effort to express the importance of this step, and for that I’m grateful.

It will be a challenge to get through this. It’s going to be a very different year than you were likely expecting. But this is what life is offering as our challenge for now. Think carefully about how you’d like to express your character during these difficult times, as you’re going to carry the memories of those decisions for the rest of your days.

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Coronavirus: UK deaths double in 24 hours

Ten more people have died after testing positive for the virus, NHS England says.

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Coronavirus: Some scientists say UK virus strategy is ‘risking lives’

More than 200 scientists write to the government calling for tougher measures to tackle Covid-19.

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Health24.com | Smoking while pregnant may weaken baby’s bones

Mothers who smoke during pregnancy put their infants at increased risk of fractures in their first year of life, researchers warn.

The study looked at more than 1.6 million people who were born in Sweden between 1983 and 2000, and followed for an average of 21 years.

Over that time, nearly 378 000 fractures were recorded. But the rate among those whose moms smoked during pregnancy was higher than among those whose mothers didn’t smoke.

And the more a woman smoked while pregnant, the greater her child’s fracture risk, the findings showed. Those whose mothers smoked one to nine cigarettes a day had a 20% higher risk, while 10 cigarettes or more per day brought a 41% higher risk.

Short-term impact

While smoking during pregnancy increased fracture risk during an infant’s first year, it was not associated with a higher risk later in life.

This suggests that smoking during pregnancy has only a short-term impact on bone health, according to the authors of the study published in the BMJ.

Epidemiologists Judith Brand and Scott Montgomery, of the School of Medical Sciences at Orebro University in Sweden, led the study.

They pointed out that their observational study doesn’t prove cause and effect. In addition, they noted that the findings also have some limitations, including the possibility that some women would not admit to smoking during pregnancy, or might under-report the number of cigarettes they smoked.

Even so, the study included a large number of people and examined the risk of fractures during different developmental stages, Brand and Montgomery noted in a journal news release.

“The results of this study indicate that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of fractures before one year of age. Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke, however, does not seem to have a longer lasting biological influence on risk of fracture later in childhood and up to early adulthood,” the authors concluded.

Image credit: iStock

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Health24.com | Crafting with dry pasta and play-doh safe for kids with gluten sensitivity

Play-Doh and uncooked pasta are classic classroom craft supplies – but what if the kids in the classroom have coeliac disease?

Gluten in these substances is not dangerous, new research finds. As long as kids with coeliac disease don’t eat what they’re playing with, we can strike Play-Doh and raw pasta from the exposure risk list, the researchers said.

Other school supplies like papier-mâché and flour-based dough were linked to gluten transfer. But with handwashing and surface cleaning, residue was not detected on hands or play surfaces, the study found.

“We’ve coached families for many years to avoid kids touching any gluten-containing school supply, which can be challenging, especially for young children,” said study leader Vanessa Weisbrod, executive director of the Celiac Disease Program at Children’s National Hospital in Washington, DC.

Negligible transfer

“These findings make an easy distinction – school supplies that are dry and not sticky show very low gluten transfer, while those that were wet and pasty cling heavily to hands and table surfaces,” she said. “In all cases, good hand hygiene and cleaning surfaces after using gluten-containing materials can prevent most gluten transfer.”

For the study, her team tested five scenarios in which gluten transfer could be high enough to pose a risk for kids with coeliac disease. Among those with coeliac disease, products containing more than 0.002% gluten are considered unsafe.

After five minutes of handling Play-Doh or dry pasta, negligible gluten transfer was found, the study authors said in a hospital news release.

Gluten particle removal methods were also tested. Handwashing with water, handwashing with both soap and water, and thorough wiping with antibacterial wipes were all shown to effectively remove gluten.

“Whether you’re protecting from bacteria or gluten, handwashing and surface hygiene are key,” Weisbrod said in the news release. “As parents, we want to do everything we can to keep our kids safe and healthy, and this study definitely shows that the number one thing we can do is teach our kids to wash their hands.”

The findings were recently published in the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.

Image credit: iStock

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Health24.com | WATCH | How coronavirus hijacks a body

The information on Health24 is for educational purposes only, and is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If you are experiencing symptoms or need health advice, please consult a healthcare professional. See additional information.

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