From BDSM To Sordid Affairs: What Emerald Fennell’s Wuthering Heights Gets Right About 18th Century Sex

Whether you loved it or you hated it, Emerald Fennell’s sexually-charged reimagining of Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights – featuring a brooding Jacob Elordi – still has us all talking over a week after its cinematic release. While the original 1847 novel didn’t feature any sex scenes, Fennell’s film is far more ‘Heathcliff, it’s me, it’s Cathy, I’m horny.’

But for all the sneaking out of bedroom windows, romping in carriages, grinding in the moors, finger sucking and… puppy play that Fennell portrays in her take of Wuthering Heights, how much of this raunchery was actually going on during the period in which the original novel was set?

When you think of sexy periods of time in history, we tend to think of the promiscuity of the Ancient Romans or even the more recent free love movement of the 1970s – not the late Georgian era. So before we all start wishing that we could jump in a time machine to 1770 and find our own Heathcliff to romp about the moors with, we asked leading UK historians what sex and relationships back then were actually like.

Social Class Dictated Your Sex Life

Right from the first opening scene, Fennell’s version of Wuthering Heights features public hand jobs at the gallows and crowds snogging during a frenzied public hanging in an impoverished town centre – and you’ll be surprised to know the film was actually onto something historically accurate.

As the London Museum explains, public executions were more like a fair and a party atmosphere would be in the air as thousands of people gathered to watch someone’s final moments. Gruesome, we know – however, apparently it wouldn’t be enough to turn the Georgians off.

You see, according to Dr. Ruth Larsen, Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Derby, pre-marital sex was really common among poorer classes during the time in which Wuthering Heights was set (1770 to around 1801). “Poorer people tended to marry older and engage in sexual activity prior to that, especially those living in urban areas,” she tells HuffPost UK.

So: thousands of people, likely from poorer classes, gathering en masse in an urban area with drinking and partying going on? You do the math – it would appear that this is a big old tick for Fennell’s uninhibited Wuthering Heights adaptation.

But what about those lucky enough to be born into aristocracy? Unfortunately you wouldn’t be ‘getting lucky’ as often as your less well-off counterparts.

“For the wealthier classes, it was very unusual for women to have sexual relations before wedlock,” Dr. Larsen explains. For people like Cathy, pre-marital sex would be off the cards as “the usual form of courting would have been through assemblies, formal gathering and family acquaintances.”

The sense of familial obligation, to uphold the positive reputation of the family, was felt by many, not just the richest in society – and the film yet again gets this right with Edgar Linton, whom Cathy marries, despite her love for Heathcliff in order to improve her family’s social standing.

And her choice wouldn’t have been uncommon in the late Georgian era either. As Dr. Larsen adds: “For most young women, marriages were an opportunity to find their place in society, to become mistress of the house and, if they were landed, of the estate. To decide to take a different path would have been seen by most people as unwise.”

The Logistical Nightmare Of Affairs In Georgian Britain

Of course, the sauciness in Fennell’s Wuthering Heights really ramps up when Heathcliff and Cathy give up yearning and instead start a steamy affair (cue the famous sex scene montage).

However, as easy as the duo make it look, having an affair in the late 18th century was far from plain-sailing.

“The scenes where Heathcliff crawls in through Cathy’s window are very much representative of the literary tropes we love today, but this might have been difficult to pull off in historical reality,” Lauren Good, Senior Content Producer from HistoryExtra, tells HuffPost UK.

If you were rich enough, you’d be lucky enough to have a separate bedroom to that of your spouse (as Margot Robbie’s iteration of Cathy thoroughly enjoys), however your bedroom would be adjoined – which, as Good points out, “isn’t ideal in allowing for a quick exit from your illicit lover!”

And if you did manage to get some time alone with your ‘bit on the side’, trying to then have sex wasn’t straightforward thanks to the fashion of the era.

“Women’s dress of the era wouldn’t have been so easy to get into,” Nichi Hodgson, author of the Curious History of Dating: From Jane Austen to Tinder explains.

“Women typically wore a chemise, corset, under petticoat, hoop skirt or crinoline, over petticoat and long sleeved gown – plus gloves.” Good luck trying to remove all of that while your husband snores next door.

At least Cathy wouldn’t have had to try and get her knickers off, as Hodgson points out that drawers did not come into fashion until the 1870s: “If a hooped skirt tipped to one side, you may have got an eyeful!”

In fairness to Fennell, we don’t see a nude Cathy in any of the film as Heathcliff navigates her many, many layers of opulent clothing during the daytime sex scenes in the montage – so once again, we have another historical accuracy win!

The Surprising Sadomasochism Of The Late 18th Century

Excuse our phrasing but buckle up – this might be the most surprising historical accuracy of the entire film.

Arguably the most shocking portrayals of sex in Fennell’s film come in the shape of sadomasochistic relationships, namely two servants enjoying off screen flagellation in the stables and Isabella Linton’s submissive role to Heathcliff’s dominant. And it turns out, in the words of Hodgson, “bondage and kink were alive and well in the 18th century!”

“We often assume that the stricter societal expectations placed upon those who lived centuries before us translated into their intimate lives, but that wasn’t always the case,” Good explains.

“We might dismiss this as shock factor in Wuthering Heights but flagellation, as Hilary Mitchell told us at HistoryExtra, ‘played a prominent role in English sex work from about 1700 onwards’.”

But before we get ahead of ourselves, it’s worth noting that BSDM-inspired activities were most likely services that men paid for, or engaged in with women in their service (female maids were often treated as household sex workers) as Hodgson explains.

And as for Isabella panting on a lead, you can forget about it happening in real life she adds – “not because those sort of dynamics didn’t exist but because no middle class gentleman and woman would ever be that brazen in front of a visitor like Nelly Dean in the film.”

While the release of Wuthering Heights has us yearning for moody Georgian era romance, it’s surprising how much of it is rooted in reality. If we do hop in that time machine, we’ll just have to remember to pack easier to remove clothing.

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6 Ways To Celebrate Winter Solstice This Year

Turns out the word “solstice” comes from a Latin term meaning “to stand still”. In the actual moment of the solstice, the sun lies exactly over the Tropic of Capricorn and appears to stall in the sky.

This event has been celebrated for thousands of years. Even the word “Yule,” which is used interchangeably with “Christmas” in many countries, has its origins in Jol, a pre-Christian solstice celebration held across northern Europe and Scandinavia.

Royal Museums Greenwich said that this year in the UK, the event will happen at roughly 93:03pm, December 21.

But the solstice sunrise is going to start between 8am and 9am in the UK, depending on your location. This is the event many won’t want to miss.

Here, we shared some ways to mark the occasion:

1) Stream the Stonehenge sunrise…

This year, parking spaces for the real-life Stonehenge have already sold out, though the stones are open to the public.

But if you’re not in the area, you can stream the moment the sun rises behind the monument’s “heel stone” and reaches into the centre of the ancient structure.

These are set to go live on December 21, with the YouTube one scheduled for 7:30am onwards.

2) …Or pick one of the many other viewing spots

Newgrange in the Republic of Ireland is an ancient burial tomb. Light hits the back of its passage every winter solstice, and while only those who win a lottery can see it in person on the day, the rest of us can watch the livestream on Heritage Ireland’s site.

Avebury, Glastonbury Tor, and the Calanais Standing Stones are also stunning sunrise locations for this time of year.

3) Light a log

The festival of Juul, which we mentioned earlier, used to involve the burning of an entire tree. That’s why we call it a “Yule log”.

If that seems a bit dramatic, though, try burning a log in your fireplace instead. And to truly stick to tradition, try keeping the log burning all day ― and use the ashes for your garden to encourage a bumper crop.

4) Eat tang yuan

The glutinous rice-covered dumpling is traditionally eaten at China’s Dōngzhì Festival, which celebrates the solstice.

It symbolises family togetherness.

5) Light a candle

One of the reasons people have celebrated the winter solstice for so long is because it signals the end of the darkest parts of winter. As a result, lights and fire are associated with multiple solstice celebrations.

Take part in the tradition by lighting a candle, if you like.

6) Feast!

Another common thread throughout traditional solstice celebrations? Feasting (and gifting).

And while this later became linked to decadent Christmas dinners, I reckon it’s as good a reason as any to tuck into that delicious fare early.

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I Just Learned What ‘Snafu’ Really Stands For, And Wow

Turns out CAPTCHA actually stands for “completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and humans apart” – and LEGO, HARIBO, and Twix all have hidden meanings, too.

And my friends are probably bored by now of hearing that IKEA, ASDA, and Tesco are acronyms or portmanteaus.

Well, sorry to them: I’ve found another word with an unexpected meaning.

Yup, “snafu” – which refers to a situation in which nothing goes to plan, and everything that can go wrong seems to – stands for five words, and has a surprisingly military origin.

What does ‘snafu’ stand for?

Per Merriam-Webster, snafu stands for “Situation Normal: All Fucked Up” (or “fouled up”). In other words, it suggests a scenario where chaos or confusion is the norm.

The American military slang seems to have appeared in World War II – it was explained in the Kansas City Star in 1941 as “situation normal, all fixed up” and was presented as a novel word, not suitable for use “on leave”, back then.

Interestingly, in that entry, the sergeant said soldiers were torn on whether the initials were a “backronym” – a word which starts out not standing for anything but is later given words for each letter.

“Most fellows” said the word “snafu” just “popped out” of the head of one of the members of the 35th division outfits, who he claimed invented the word, per the Kansas City Star.

But “after snafu got pretty well spread around, somebody decided it was a bunch of letters that stood for words,” one theory reportedly went.

However it began, there was a fictional character called Private Snafu who appeared in instructional cartoons in the ’40s.

Described as “the goofiest soldier in the US army,” Private Snafu seems to have been named after the slang rather than giving rise to it.

And it turns out that the person who voiced his animated persona, Mel Blanc, also provided the instantly recognisable tones of Donald Duck and Bugs Bunny.

Dr Seuss helped to write some episodes

The National WWII Museum in New Orleans shared that Dr Seuss – or, to give him his full name, Theodor Geisel – wrote “most” of the shorts.

As ScreenRant pointed out, the shorts didn’t just advise US soldiers on what not to do during the war (whatever Private Snafu was up to was wrong, basically). But on top of that, the cartoons kept animation studios alive during wartime as an essential industry.

Episodes of Private Snafu did not have to be approved by the Production Code Administration. That led to more raunchy scenes and swearing.

Though the Private Snafu clips are now in the public domain and can be viewed online, the museum warned that “the series does contain outdated cultural depictions that were common during the war”.

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I Just Learned Why Horseshoes Are Really Considered Lucky, And It’s Dark

It probably won’t surprise you to learn that “stealing someone’s thunder” and “spilling the beans” have a pretty unusual relationship to the weather and legumes they describe.

Common phrases like “o’clock” and “pardon my French” have unexpected origins, too.

But what about superstitions like horseshoes? How come an animal’s foot covering came to mean good luck, so much so that you can still find some nailed to the doors of people’s homes?

According to riding wear suppliers at Discount Equestrian, the answer is a little wilder (and darker) than I thought.

Why are horseshoes considered lucky?

One story, the horse experts said, related to 10th-century monk and bishop St Dunstan and the devil (oh!).

“The legend of the horseshoe is closely associated with St Dunstan, today the patron saint of goldsmiths, locksmiths, and jewellers,” they said.

“As the story goes, while living as a hermit in Glastonbury, he was visited by Satan, who asked him to use his blacksmithing skills to shoe the devil’s hoof.”

The legend says that because St Dunstan recognised the visitor for who he was, he nailed a red-hot horseshoe to his hoof.

So, the devil learned to be afraid of the iron symbol and steered clear of houses which displayed them on their doors.

Some also believe that nailing seven holes into a horseshoe attached to your door will add to its luckiness.

The ‘n’ angle, with the heels pointing down, has been believed to pour blessings on visitors, while the “U” shape may be used to keep any good fortune from spilling out.

Iron has long been considered lucky

This is not the only factor that goes into the choice, Discount Equestrian said.

Horsehoes are made from iron, which was once considered a talismanic metal used to keep witches and other supernatural forces at bay.

“The horseshoe is a perfect example of a symbol that has crossed centuries without people really knowing why they use it,” the pros explained.

“It combines practicality that iron was once precious, with deep religious folklore about protecting the home. When people hang one today, they’re unknowingly repeating a thousand-year-old superstition.”

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It’s Not Just Austen – Posh Accents Are Ruining Period Dramas, Historian Says

At this year’s Hay Festival, Jane Tranter – former executive vice-president of programming and production at the BBC and current producer of Austen adaptation The Other Bennet Sister – said actors “start speaking posh” when they get a Pride And Prejudice-era script in their hands.

“Not everybody spoke posh in those days, so you have to work with that as well,” she shared (via The Times).

Pinched voices, fussy hairdos, and “weird hats” can risk leading to “such a fetishised approach that it becomes a barrier between the audience and what is going on,” she adds.

So, we spoke to author and historian Katie Kennedy (of viral account @TheHistoryGossip and new SKY History series History Crush) about what we lose when costume drama accents all start to sound the same.

Katie Kennedy
Katie Kennedy

Katie Kennedy

It’s not an isolated trend

Kennedy tells us the tendency isn’t limited to period costume dramas.

“It is widely known that the acting industry is dominated by the middle and upper classes,” she says.

In 2024, the Sutton Trust found that people from working-class backgrounds were four times less likely than their middle-class peers to work in any creative industry.

BAFTA-nominated actors are five times more likely to have gone to private school than the general public.

“While this is an issue in itself,” Kennedy continued, “it also heavily influences how history gets portrayed on screen.

“We’ve been sold this idea that everyone in the past was super polished and polite, and we’ve equated that with the classic RP [received pronunciation] accent.”

That’s not to say you can’t change up voices, actors, stories, or perspectives, especially in looser adaptations like Bridget Jones (expertly nicked from Pride And Prejudice) – but would-be “faithful” adaptations tend to sound distractingly, and sometimes inaccurately, similar.

The Brontës have fallen victim to the issue, too, Kennedy says

Take, the historian says, the 2022 film Emily.

“The Brontës are portrayed with soft-spoken middle-class voices, even though they most likely would’ve had an Irish or at least an Irish/Yorkshire mixed accent as their father was Irish,” she shares.

Indeed, Charlotte Brontë’s friend Mary Taylor said the author “spoke with a strong Irish accent,” while the British Film Institute admits star Emma Mackey’s “Yorkshire accent sporadically wanders down the M1″ in the movie.

“A lot of the time” in period dramas, “the working-class accent has been attributed to comic relief, or a character who has had a troubled life,” she tells HuffPost UK.

“When everyone in a period drama speaks the same, you’re not just losing historical accuracy, you’re also reinforcing the idea that the only ‘serious’ or ‘worthy’ people in history were the ones who ‘spoke properly.’”

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Heritage Travel Might Be The Most Fulfilling Type Of Holiday You Can Take

These days, it seems like more people are traveling than ever. So it makes sense that many travellers are seeking unique experiences that don’t feel like the same standard vacation everyone else is taking (and posting about on social media).

Fortunately, there are plenty of fresh and fulfilling types of trips you can take ― from “destination dupes” to “mystery travel.” But a particularly meaningful option is “heritage travel.”

Below, travel experts break down this approach to travel and what you should know before you plan a heritage trip.

What is heritage travel?

“Heritage travel is when you explore destinations tied to your ancestry or cultural roots,” said Gabby Beckford, founder of the travel site Packs Light. “It’s about discovering more about yourself, your family stories, and your overall identity by traveling to places where you are, in some part, ‘from.’”

People interested in heritage travel ― which is also known as genealogy tourism, ancestral travel, roots tourism and DNA tourism ― can plan vacations around their family lineage and walk the path of their ancestors. This is all much easier to do in the age of services like 23andMe, AncestryDNA and MyHeritage.

“It’s been popular for years already, but I think it’s really grown since the advent of at-home DNA testing products,” said Laura Motta, the senior director of content at Lonely Planet. “They can give people a ton of insight into where their families are from.”

For many, these home kits have awakened a desire to connect with their history and experience aspects of their ancestors’ culture firsthand. Now, companies like Ancestry are offering special guided heritage travel opportunities to customers who want to gain a greater understanding of their family’s past. Options include ancestral home visits, genealogy cruises and personal guided tours.

Heritage travel is increasingly common in places that experienced mass emigration or forced removal at some point and therefore have a large diaspora community in other parts of the world. Examples include Ireland, Ghana and Italy (as seen in Season 2 of HBO’s “The White Lotus,” which featured a three-generation Sicilian American family returning to their ancestral roots in Testa dell’Acqua).

“Lots of countries and communities are working to enable and encourage heritage tourism, which makes complete sense. It’s big business,” Motta said. “Tour operators and tourism boards often have information to help you get started.”

Heritage travel can also refer more broadly to any type of tourism that involves visiting historic and cultural sites and immersing yourself in the destination’s past and present way of life. And this certainly applies to ancestry-focused tourism.

“Reconnection to the past is at the central core of heritage travel,” said Katy Nastro, a travel expert and spokesperson for the Going travel app. “A type of travel designed to better engage a traveler with the cultural heritage of a place, heritage travel is more about understanding a destination through genuine traditions and experiences rooted in history.

What are the benefits of heritage travel?

There are many reasons why heritage travel might appeal to tourists.

“It can be really fascinating and can help connect people to their ethnic and cultural roots,” Motta said. “Of course, heritage tourism can mean very different things to different people. You might be chasing a complicated paper trail of baptism certificates and immigration records in Ireland, or finding your family’s former home in California, or learning about rituals that your ancestors performed in Ghana.”

Beckford said she personally finds the heritage travel trend to be very exciting.

“As someone who is multiracial, I understand that in a world that likes to put people into neat categories, not fitting perfectly into one can feel alienating,” she noted. “I believe knowledge is power, and traveling back to where your ancestors came from to understand how you became the person you are today can be not only fascinating but healing for many people like me.”

Heritage travel can take many forms and include a wide range of experiences. People may have different goals and approaches to their ancestral journeys.

“I see many families, particularly second and third generations, taking heritage trips to reconnect with rituals, traditions, religions, holidays, or even to honour specific family members who have passed,” Beckford said.

By taking a heritage-focused trip, you have the opportunity to truly immerse yourself in the local culture and history as well.

“Travellers more and more are seeking an authentic travel experience, away from uber-popular tourist traps, traveling more purposefully,” Nastro said. “There is no better way to understand your current surroundings than by walking through its past.”

She added that you don’t necessarily need to design an entire vacation around heritage travel, but can instead incorporate it through specific activities or experiences in your trip.

Travel experts believe the rise of DNA testing services has led to increased interest in heritage trips.

Gerhard Pettersson / 500px via Getty Images

Travel experts believe the rise of DNA testing services has led to increased interest in heritage trips.

Here’s what else you should know before trying this trip.

Although there are many benefits to these kinds of trips, heritage travel is not an inherently positive experience.

“History is messy. Families are complicated,” Motta said. “There are plenty of reasons why people become estranged from their families and heritage. Chasing your personal history can lead to discoveries that are uncomfortable, unpleasant and even contradictory. For most, the upsides far outweigh this, but it’s something to consider.”

Another downside is the potential for mismanaged expectations.

“Visiting your ancestral lands may or may not provide the healing someone might be seeking,” Beckford said. “These places and their people naturally change and evolve with time, and some travellers might put too much pressure on a destination to be what they need it to be, rather than accepting it for what it is.”

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So THAT’s Why We Say ‘Night Night, Sleep Tight’

Though last year’s mass bed bug invasion may have led most of us to understand the second half of the phrase, I’m willing to bet you’re not 100% certain on why we say “Night night, sleep tight.”

I, for one, had a sort of half-formed idea that it had something to do with trussing yourself up in tourniquet-like hotel duvets; I wondered whether maybe it had something to do with keeping your eyes shut tight, too.

But recently, TikToker @notmrspock suggested we were all wrong. In a recent video, the creator responded to a commenter’s question as to where the phrase came from.

“That’s an easy one,” he replied in the clip.

Why do people think we say it?

“In Medieval times, beds used to ― instead of having springs, they would have ropes underneath them to put a mattress or sack on,” the TikToker said.

“If the ropes were slack, the bed would really sag. So what would you do? You’d tighten up all the ropes so you have a nice, firm base to lay on,” the creator added; hence the expression, he suggested.

It’s a common story, appearing in Quora responses and BBC shows alike.

Is that true?

Rebecca Karstensen, Wylie House Museum Assistant and Docent for Indiana University, Bloomington, seemed to only partly agree with this assessment.

While it’s true that beds in the 16th century did use ropes, which did need to be tightened, the first recorded use of the phrase didn’t come until 1866 ― a while after the invention of the coil mattress, which took over rope beds rapidly.

“Goodbye little Diary. ‘Sleep tight and wake bright,’ for I will need you when I return,” the text reads, suggesting the term may have come about long after mos people used rope bedding.

So, the researcher looked into the origin of the word.

According to the Oxford dictionary, the closely related adverb ‘tightly’ can also mean ‘safely’ or ‘soundly’,” the researcher found.

This would not only explain the phrase’s use to this day, but also seems to align more closely with what most people instinctively think of when we hear it.

“Since it sounds a bit catchier and poetic to say two one-syllable words as ‘sleep tight’ instead of the awkward 3-syllable ‘sleep tightly,’ that might explain why the suffix –ly was dropped from the word,” she added.

Writing for Cambridge’s Varsity publication, Georgie Thorpe points out that “The other issue is that it doesn’t quite make sense to tell someone to sleep tight when it’s their bed that needs to be tight, not them.”

So, though the rope beds are fascinating, “sleep tight” likely stuck around because it sounds pretty cosy ― and also rhymes with “night.”

Hey, not every fact can be as mind-blowing as the realisation that you cannot physically melt a Flake bar…

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Here’s The Real Reason Those ‘AI Time Machine’ Pictures Went Viral

Internet trends come and go. It’s as simple as that, especially on TikTok.

But with over 44 million views, the #aitimemachine trend that went massively viral on TikTok in November and December is still going, spreading to Twitter and Instagram, too.

Users upload photos of themselves to the genealogy platform MyHeritage, which for $10-$18 (£8.15- £14.68)transforms the images into digital portraits in the style of famous paintings and “historical figures” like an ancient Greek, a Viking or a sultan.

Many TikTok users say the images made them feel beautiful and more confident in their unique features, even those they usually feel self-conscious about.

“I usually dislike my key features (thin lips, weak chin [and] soft jawline) but I kinda want to cry at these,” @coreyisnothome wrote in a TikTok video that went viral with over 300,000 likes and 2.5 million views. “I’ve never felt so beautiful,” said user @marymargaret14.

Student Savannah Caughey explained in her own viral TikTok video that she always felt insecure about her nose, but the Time Machine images made her change her mind.

“This trend allows people to connect with a part of themselves that is not distinguished by modern-day beauty standards,” she told HuffPost, adding that “the images allowed me to see myself in another light.”

“I learned to see that I have more of a classic beauty than a modern one, and this trend allowed me to feel confident and happy with that,” she said.

The MyHeritage program produces images that resemble drawings and paintings that imitate real art. Could that be why people feel so beautiful in their images?

Portraiture dates back at least to ancient Egypt, and throughout history portraits were used to showcase wealth and power. “I think it’s important to know that humans have been creating portraits for thousands of years; it’s really not a new phenomenon,” said Ella Raphëlle Dufrene, a French-Haitian American visual artist and registered art therapist.

Before photography, portraits were also a way to be remembered after death — physical proof of someone’s life. But in the selfie era, when it’s easy to capture your own image with the click of a button, the AI Time Machine images combine the digital world and the love of portraiture humans have had for centuries.

If there’s anyone who can speak about people’s love of portraits, especially in the form of paintings, it’s Melbourne, Australia-based artist Rebekka Lord-Johnson, who specialises in photorealistic and hyperrealistic drawings and paintings.

She went viral on TikTok for creating live wedding paintings in which real-life couples and their wedding celebrations become the subjects of her art. She has more than 500,000 followers and 32 million views on TikTok, where she posts the work she describes as “family heirlooms.” “It’s a family portrait, essentially,” said Lord-Johnson.

In her opinion, the AI Time Machine trend went viral because art is a celebration of uniqueness. People are generally excited to see themselves in images resembling art.

“I think when you see yourself in the context of an artwork, when you’re a part of making an artwork, your recognisable features, and your recognisable face is part of the whole painting that makes everything beautiful, I think it can really capture and feature your uniqueness,” she said.

Lord-Johnson said that art has the opposite effect of social media, which promotes beauty standards that have people trying to look extremely similar to one another in order to feel beautiful. By contrast, art celebrates each person as they are, no filters needed.

But while images from the AI Time Machine might resemble art, she said, they aren’t really. “It’s almost like a filter to me, like an Instagram filter,” Lord-Johnson said. “It’ll adjust your features to current beauty standards or standards of beauty back then, historically. So people aren’t actually seeing themselves, necessarily.”

In her experience, people do feel prettier when they see themselves in artwork. In a painting, a person’s uniqueness is highlighted and appreciated in a way that’s not commonly experienced, which many people find refreshing.

The couples Lord-Johnson works with, for example, often express how beautiful they feel in her paintings. Not only are they seeing themselves portrayed as they are, but “there’s a lot of emotion behind what I do,” she said. “When I create a work of art, a lot of love and attention goes into that painting.”

But if the AI Time Machine creations can’t really be interpreted as art, why are people feeling beautiful? “I think people are seeing themselves as beautiful because they’re seeing themselves in a different context,” Lord-Johnson said.

Dufrene offered a similar theory. “I do think that it’s because of the fact that they’re being turned into an ‘artwork’ that it’s increasing their sense of beauty,” she said. “But if we think of the origins of the word ‘portrait,’ coming from old French ‘portraire,’ which means to draw, reveal or expose, the AI portraits are allowing people to play a role, to reveal a more beautiful or empowered part of themselves. What that’s really telling me is that people are longing for a sense of wonder, play and creativity in their lives.”

“If you think of a little girl dressing up as a princess, we all have that inner child that wants to feel fantastical, wonder and play,” Dufrene said. She explained that when people see themselves as famous paintings and historical figures, it may help them to tap into their inner child — which might be why people are so drawn to this trend.

“We have a lack of playfulness, wonder, and spontaneity in our own lives,” she said. It’s not often that people exercise their will to play, like by creating digital portraits of themselves that resemble art and feel fantastical and special.

“People are really stressed out, especially after Covid,” Dufrene said. “Many people work 9-5 day-to-day jobs, where they’re doing these redundant activities that don’t necessarily explore their creativity and bring out their sense of play, and I think that can kind of dull our sense of self.”

It’s understandable, then, that people felt beautiful participating in the AI Time Machine trend (and thankfully, given facial recognition and online privacy concerns, the company says it does not save the photos that users upload).

As internet fads come and go, Dufrene said, there are many ways of exercising our inner child in our day-to-day lives, as well as increasing our own sense of beauty through art. If we have the means, of course, we can contact artists we admire to create a portrait, or we can do it ourselves with an art therapist. It’s also possible to add more play to your life by yourself; your inner child lives wherever you want them to.

“Playing dress up, creating a storyline, there are many ways that we can push it a little bit more,” Dufrene said. “Paint it. Dress up. Create a story.”

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