Why Did Storm Goretti Turn Birmingham’s Sky Bright Pink?

Storm Goretti has hit the UK, bringing with it heavy snowfall and incredibly strong winds.

The harsh weather conditions, which have risen from the south to meet the UK’s existing cold front, led to multiple weather warnings.

But it’s unlikely that even the most diligent forecast-checker would have expected the luminous pink sky seen by some in Birmingham during the storm.

So why did the highlighter-bright shade, described by the BBC as “Stranger Things pink,” take over?

Why was the sky pink in Birmingham?

It’s a combination of the weather conditions and the neon pink lights of Birmingham City Football Club.

The presence of falling snow and large, reflective clouds amplified the hue across the city, the BBC explained.

Met Office spokesman Grahame Madge added, “The blue wavelengths of light are more easily scattered by snow or water droplets, allowing the longer wavelengths – such as red and orange – to get through.

“This can have the effect of turning colours more pink or orange.”

Basically, Storm Goretti reflected a lot more of the bright pink lights from Birmingham City Football Club than is usual because of the amount of reflective precipitation and clouds it brought to the atmosphere.

And the way that snow and water reflect light amplifies red and orange shades more than others, making the pink extra-pink.

Why are there pink lights in Birmingham City Football Club to begin with?

OK, so that’s why the pink light was amplified.

But why are their fuchsia bulbs in the stadium to begin with?

Well, according to ITVX’s sports correspondent, Dan Salisbury-Jones, these are from heat lamps used by the stadium.

“They are using LED lighting rigs to help the grass recover as quickly as possible between matches,” he explained.

“Birmingham’s are provided by a Dutch company called SGL Systems in case you’d like one for your lawn!”

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This Is Why You Can Always Make Room For Dessert

One thing about me is that I’m always going to at least have a peek at the dessert menu. Even if I’m full, I know that I could definitely make a little room for a sticky toffee pudding or maybe even just a little bit of ice cream.

It just finishes the meal off nicely, y’know?

Why do I have room, though? I couldn’t possibly have another bite of my main meal, my stomach feels full and I am feeling relatively sleepy. All of this points to somebody who has had enough to eat.

And yet. Just a little cake for me, ta.

Why can I always make room for dessert?

Turns out, there is actually science behind this urge.

Writing for The Conversation, Michelle Spear who is a Professor of Anatomy at the University of Bristol says: “The stomach is designed to stretch and adapt. As we begin to eat, it undergoes ‘gastric accommodation’: the smooth muscle relaxes, creating extra capacity without a major increase in pressure.

“Crucially, soft and sweet foods require very little mechanical digestion. A heavy main course may make the stomach feel distended, but a light dessert, such as ice cream or mousse, barely challenges its workload, so the stomach can relax further to make space.”

Very interesting.

Spear went on to say that while our bodies may not be physically hungry, there is of course the urge to eat something because it’s enjoyable to eat, known as “hedonic hunger”.

She explains: “Sweet foods are particularly potent in this respect. They activate the brain’s mesolimbic dopamine system, heightening motivation to eat and temporarily weakening fullness signals.

“After a satisfying main course, physiological hunger may be gone, but the anticipation of a sugary treat creates a separate, reward-driven desire to continue eating.”

This makes so much sense. It does feel like a sweet little reward at the end of a sit-down dinner.

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Sorry, What – We Only Just Found Out Why Ice Is Slippery

During the UK’s recent snowy and icy spell, you might have tried salting your driveway to prevent, or “melt”, ice.

That likely works because of an ongoing battle between water and ice on the top layer of a slippery sheet. Sodium’s structure means its ions break apart in water, making it harder for H2O molecules to stick together – thus lowering the melting point of ice.

Until recently, most scientists thought that a thin layer of water on ice was to blame for its slipperiness, too. The idea was that pressure or friction applied to ice led its top layer to melt, leaving a slick film of liquid.

But recent research, published in Physical Review Letters, has blown that theory apart.

Why is ice really slippery?

The water theory might not explain why ice stays slippery in temperatures well below freezing, The Conversation previously noted.

Scientists at Saarland University in Germany wanted to explore why that might be. So, they ran molecular simulations of ice interfaces through advanced computer systems to see if they could work out what was really going on.

In a press statement, study author Professor Martin Müser said: “It turns out that neither pressure nor friction plays a particularly significant part in forming the thin liquid layer on ice”.

Their research suggested that instead, something happens to the strict molecular structure needed to keep ice solid when we step on it, thanks to molecular dipoles.

What are molecular dipoles, and why might they make ice slippery?

Molecular dipoles happen, Saarland University explained, when “a molecule has regions of partial positive and partial negative charge, giving the molecule an overall polarity that points in a specific direction”.

Ice relies on a very neat and exact crystalline formation of molecules in order to stay solid.

But when we, for instance, step on ice, the direction of the dipoles in our shoe sole interacts with those in the ice, this study suggested.

That means the previously-perfect structure of ice crystals falls apart.

“In three dimensions, these dipole-dipole interactions become ‘frustrated,’” Professor Müser explained.

This, Saarland University said, refers to “a concept in physics where competing forces prevent a system from achieving a fully ordered stable configuration”.

What does this mean?

Well, for one thing, it could mean that skiing at very cold temperatures is more possible than we previously thought.

“Until now, it was assumed that skiing below -40°C is impossible because it’s simply too cold for a thin lubricating liquid film to form beneath the skis. That too, it turns out, is incorrect,’ said Professor Müser.

“Dipole interactions persist at extremely low temperatures. Remarkably, a liquid film still forms at the interface between ice and ski – even near absolute zero,” he added, though at this temperature the liquid may be too viscous to actually facilitate much movement.

Saarland University noted that the implications of this discovery are yet to be fully seen, though the “scientific community is taking notice”.

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I Gave Up Sleep Tracking For A Week, And I’ve Never Felt More Rested

Speaking to HuffPost UK previously, sleep expert Dr Nerina Ramlakhan from Oak Tree Mobility told us that “there’s a form of insomnia that has risen… called ‘orthosomia’, a term for the obsession with getting a good night’s sleep.”

It might affect type-A people and perfectionists more than others, she suggested, and could paradoxically make existing sleep problems worse.

She added, “Alongside the strategies and supplements for getting better sleep that are flooding the market, trackers have joined the sleep bandwagon. Trackers can (up to a point) be helpful, but I think they’re driving an unhelpful obsession.”

I have to confess that even though I know the importance of “clock blocking” and avoiding as much worry as I can at night, I’ve become obsessed with my own smart watch.

But after a little bit of skin irritation and frankly forgetting to put it back on my wrist after a previous charge, I accidentally ended up following Dr Ramalkhan’s advice: I haven’t been wearing the fitness tracker that logs my sleep for a week.

And honestly, I’ve already been impressed by how much more rested I feel.

Why might sleep tracking make sleep worse?

If trackers help you, that’s all the evidence you need to keep using them.

But as sleep expert Kathryn Pinkham, founder of The Insomnia Clinic, told Which?, they might make those with existing poor sleep (like me) panic more about their poor “performance”.

This stress forms a vicious cycle, ironically keeping worriers up at night.

This happened to me most nights. I would anxiously tell my partner I’d only had four to six hours last night, and spend the rest of the day battling fatigue and panic in equal, exhausting turns.

I’d avoid naps for fear of ruining my sleep cycle, then feel too awake, and too anxious at being awake, to fall asleep at night.

But by day two of not using a tracker, I noticed I wasn’t thinking about my sleep as much – since then, I’ve woken up far more refreshed.

This included nights I think my watch would have told me constituted a “bad” sleep. The less I knew about the supposed quality of my sleep – which some say trackers may not measure as accurately as experts like – the better I felt.

Perhaps it might be as Dr Ramlahkhan said: “With sleep trackers, unless you’re having your data measured in a lab, you need to take it all with a pinch of salt.

“Your tracker may say you didn’t get good sleep, but maybe you feel great. Check in with yourself before you check your data.”

How can I tell if I should give up sleep tracking?

Again, everyone’s different. But, per Dr Ramlahkhan, “An important thing is not to get too obsessed with the numbers, and take a break from tracking if you find yourself in that position.”

She also said many of us might be looking at the data from trackers with overly short sight, thereby accidentally misunderstanding their insights.

“Once you’ve been wearing it for a while (at least 6 months to a year), only then can you start to look at the trends,” she revealed.

“For example, if you change some elements of your life such as cutting back on caffeine, exercising more, and drinking less alcohol, then it can be helpful to see this reflected on the tracker.”

But if you think your tracker might be harming your sleep more than it helps, and if the data causes you more worry than curiosity, it might be time to put yours to bed.

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‘Pink Noise’ May Hold The Secret To Deeper Sleep

Though I’ve had insomnia for years, I’ve managed to find some tools to help me stay asleep at night.

Clock-blocking”, getting out of bed when I can’t get back to sleep, and even enjoying a morning stroll have all helped me recover from my 3am wake-ups.

So, too, does my Bluetooth eye mask, which allows me to play “white noise” as I slumber.

But speaking to HuffPost UK, sleep expert Dr Deborah Lee from Doctor Fox (who’s paired with Bed Factory Direct) said it shouldn’t be the only sound in my arsenal.

“Certain types of background noise, also known as coloured noise, can actually improve sleep quality, reduce overnight disturbances and also help you fall asleep quicker,” she told us.

One of those is “pink noise”, which the doctor revealed is best for deep sleep and even memories.

What is pink noise?

I’ll admit I’d never heard of the noise until Dr Lee told me about it.

But it turns out it’s a pretty technical term: pink noise, also known as 1/f noise, fractional noise, or fractal noise, contains all audible frequencies.

Though white noise offers the same range, pink noise decreases the intensity of sound at a rate of three decibels per octave.

Basically, that means “pink noise is a slightly deeper version of white noise,” Dr Lee said.

“An example of pink noise would be rustling leaves or ocean waves – some sounds that people find extremely relaxing.”

The doctor added: “Pink noise has been shown to enhance deep sleep, but also improve memory.”

A 2020 paper found that participants who listened to an increasingly quiet pink noise machine while falling asleep not only nodded off faster, but slept deeper.

Research from 2022 also suggested that older adults who fell asleep saw an increase in slow wave sleep, linked to memory consolidation.

What are some types of pink noise I can listen to at night?

You can find pink noise playlists or even buy a pink noise machine (though they’re harder to find than white noise options).

“Everyone’s brain responds differently to sounds,” Dr Lee said. “However, what is clear is that the right kind of noise, when used consistently, can make a huge difference in not just getting to sleep, but staying asleep too.

“It’s worth playing around with different sounds to find the right sound for you, as not everyone will have the same response.”

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The Psychology Behind Haunted Houses And Why We’re Drawn To Them

Is there anything more enticing than a haunted house?

Yes, we should all know better after many, many horror films have been set in them, but there’s just something so alluring about sharing a house with spirits that have long-since left the mortal realm.

If you’re with me here and you enjoy this mythology, you may be disappointed by what I’m about to reveal.

You see, the thing is, most of the features of “haunted” houses can unfortunately be explained away by science.

The science behind haunted houses

Writing for BBC Science Focus, Dr Alistair Gun, a radio astronomer reveals: “The vast majority of paranormal investigations have been of the pseudoscientific variety – based on incorrect, incomplete or misrepresented science, or invalid due to bias, manipulation, assumption or omission.”

He goes on to explain: “It’s an unscientific leap of faith to believe in alien visitation based solely on unexplained sightings.

“The same is true for the belief in ghosts; there’s no scientific rationale for it. Science does offer some potential explanations for hauntings. Most are environmental or psychological in nature.”

Unfortunately, our whimsy can’t outweigh science.

In fact, the explanation is likely something very normal, according to Gun. Sleep paralysis, sleep deprivation and stress can all play into experiencing hallucinations and visual disturbances.

Additionally, “haunted” houses are more likely to have mould and some variations of mould can lead to hallucinations.

So, if you think your home is haunted, you may want to check for it.

Why do we enjoy being scared?

Why is this disappointing news, though? Why are we so drawn to being scared in a controlled setting like a haunted house or even just watching a scary film? Are we okay?

The British Psychological Society says: “There is a neuropsychological reason – we get an adrenalin rush when something spooks us or something scary happens which releases endorphins and dopamine, so put simply, there is a chemical process that creates a similar sense of euphoria.

“Some say that having a ‘scary ghost experience’ is like being on a rollercoaster, we are hijacking the natural flight response and enjoying it.”

Makes perfect sense.

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This Is How Long One Bad Night’s Sleep Actually Impacts You For – And I’m Horrified

If you’ve had a rough night’s sleep recently, you may think to yourself ‘well, I’ll simply catch up on those missed hours of rest at the weekend’.

Unfortunately new research has revealed that actually this is a complete myth and that one night of restlessness can affect your attention, memory and cognition for – wait for it – a whole week.

The long-term study focused on one person’s brain and behaviour for five months using scans

As part of a unusual, long-term study, scientists tracked one person’s brain and behaviour for 19 whole weeks. The participant, first author of the study, Ana María Triana of Aalto University, Finland wore devices throughout the timeframe to track her activities and physiological markers and had routine scans to see how well her memory and cognition were working.

The results?

From the data gathered and published it would appear that our brains’ responses have two clear patterns – a response that could last around a week or a longer term wave of up to 15 days of gradual effects.

Things like focus after a bad night’s sleep fell under the shorter term response, while factors such as memory and attention were impacted for longer.

“We find traces of past behaviour and physiology in brain connectivity that extend up as far as 15 days,” the authors of the study, published in the journal Plos Biology, reported.

“Every day, we wake up as a slightly different person, as our mental states are influenced by many external factors,” they added.

“The quality of sleep, the level of physical activity, and the nature of our social interactions all affect the state of our brains at different timescales.

“Our findings suggest that behavioural, physiological and lifestyle factors correlate with brain connectivity across different timescales, in both the short term – less than seven days – and longer term, up to two weeks.”

The good news however is that physical activity was also found to positively affect brain region interaction and even slight changes in both mood and heart rate left lasting impressions for up to 15 whole days.

And with that, we’re off to bed.

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This Is The Worst Thing To Do If You Wake Up At 3AM And Can’t Get Back To Sleep

Here’s what happened to me last night: I went to bed at 10pm, for a 6:30am wake-up and finally got to sleep at midnight.

Then, I woke up again at 1am and panicked until 3am about the next morning.

If you’re interested, I didn’t end up making that early work-out. But if I’d considered leaving my bed rather than simply stressing about the next day, some experts think I might have stood a chance.

Speaking to healthcare provider John’s Hopkins, sleep expert Dr Luis F. Buenaver said that staying in bed when you can’t sleep isn’t just likely to keep you up longer ― it can ruin your kips in the future too.

How does staying in bed affect your sleep?

It “will lead your brain and body to associate your bed with wakefulness instead of with sleep”, Dr Buenaver said.

That can have a longer-term effect on your ability to nod off once your head hits the pillow, so he says you should get up after around 20 minutes of sleeplessness.

“Sit in a comfortable chair in another room,” he advised. “Read a book, with just enough lights on so that you can see the print comfortably.”

Don’t do any work or pay any bills in that time, and if you start stressing about those or other issues, try distracting yourself with music or audiobooks.

You should only go back to bed when you’re feeling drowsy.

“It can be difficult leaving a warm, comfortable bed after waking up in the middle of the night,” the sleep expert said.

“But think of this step as an investment in better sleep — if not tonight then tomorrow night and in the future.”

Any other advice?

I’m definitely guilty of scrolling mindlessly through TikTok after my 3am jolts awake, but sleep expert Dr Jeff Rogers told Bustle that’s the worst thing I can possibly do.

“The blue light from your phone mimics daylight and suppresses the production of melatonin, the hormone which regulates your sleep-wake cycle,” he shared with the publication.

And while you might want to try switching rooms after 20 minutes, Wendy Troxel, a senior behavioural scientist at Rand Corps, told CNN that clock-watching is generally a bad idea.

“Clock watching becomes habitual, and that habitual response of frustration and anxiety also causes a stress response in the body,” she said.

“You look at the clock… and immediately might grit your teeth. You think of all the demands… how awful it is going to be when you’re sleep-deprived,” she added.

If that sounds like you, Dr Buenaver says it’s fine to guess when your 20 minutes have passed.

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I Just Learned The Worst Place To Store Garlic, And I’ve Always Kept Mine There

We’ve written before at HuffPost UK about how the spot beside your hob is the worst area to store your olive oil (tough news to hear, considering it’s one of the most common places to put it).

And now it seems food science is coming for my garlic storage too.

The bulbs fare best in mesh bags at temperatures around 15.5-18°C, Cornell University says.

I know I should keep the allium out, but my kitchen is so tiny that I just end up bunging it in the fridge.

That’s a mistake, Cornell University says: “Storing fresh garlic in the fridge is generally not a good idea.”

What’s wrong with putting garlic in the fridge?

Gardeners may already know that cool temps can cause garlic to sprout.

Sur La Table chef Richard Temples shared on Martha Stewart’s site: “The cold temperature in the fridge mimics autumn to garlic, and causes it to sprout within a couple [of] weeks.”

“Sprouts are edible but can have a bitter flavour”, the chef added.

And if you’ve made garlic oil or garlic confit, storing it in the fridge can be outright dangerous, Cornell University warns.

“This is because garlic bulbs are low-acidity, making them prone to Clostridium botulinum, better known as the culprit behind botulism”, they write.

Store-bought garlic oil usually has a preservative like citric acid in it, and/or is kept at lower temperatures than your fridge could ever manage, Cornell University says.

So where should I store garlic?

It doesn’t need to be anything too fancy, Temples said.

A wire basket, a paper bag, a mesh container, and anything that lets your garlic “breathe” is good.

“You always want to keep your garlic cool and dry—cool, but not cold, and with some airflow” he shared.

Countertops and cupboards can be good options, though countertops may be better as they offer more airflow.

Just make sure you keep it away from sunlight, Stephen Chavez, chef-instructor at the Institute of Culinary Education, said on Martha Stewart’s site.

“Like any other plant/bulb, it will sprout much quicker with the sunlight.”

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I Just Learned What The White Bits On Used Pimple Patches Really Are, And No, It’s Not Pus

My first experience with a hydrocolloid patch ― the generic name for the various pimple patches people apply to their faces ― actually had nothing to do with a spot.

That’s because the same technology, and a lot of the same ingredients, are used on those blister patches you place on your ailing heel (fellow Docs lovers will know the pain).

But if I’m being totally honest, I had no idea why they shrunk my spots or healed my post-run bubble ― until I saw a TikTok from board-certified dermatologist Dr. Witney Bowe.

And yes, she did clarify what that white gunk is.

How do they work?

Speaking to the American Chemical Society (ACS), Hadley King, M.D., a board-certified dermatologist, said that the patches work by drawing moisture out of your skin.

That way, they shrink the spot while covering it so it has room to heal. The barrier means you can’t touch your spots, either.

“As the hydrocolloid gel adheres to the skin, it absorbs excess oil and dirt away from pimples,” Dr. King told ACS.

So it makes sense that, as Dr. Bowe explained in her Tiktok, the white spots you see after wearing patches overnight are not pus.

“They’re actually the hydrocolloid material absorbing fluid, extra moisture, extra water, which thickens the hydrocolloid material and just makes it look a little bit whiter in those spots,” the doctor said.

Should I use pimple patches for serious acne?

It’s not that you can’t use them in addition to an existing routine ― but they’re better for one-off “spot treatments,” Dr. Bowe shared.

That’s because, aside from being a bit wasteful if you’re using them on the daily, they don’t tackle the real root of the issue ― they just help to speed up the recovery of a certain type of existing zits.

ACS writes that patches are best for spots that are raised and have visible pus (basically, those you’d be tempted to squeeze otherwise).

Longer-term treatments may include salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, niacinamide, tea tree oil, or, in more serious cases, retinoids.

If you’re just looking to cover the odd spot, though, at least you can be rest assured your patch won’t be stuffed with its unspeakable contents…

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