Scientists who discovered a third form of magnetism win major physics prize

Posted on 18/10/2026 by Boris Clair

Scientists have uncovered a previously unknown form of magnetism, overturning an understanding of magnetic behavior that had stood for more than a century. The discovery, known as altermagnetism, has revealed a third fundamental category of collinear magnetism and opened new possibilities for quantum materials, advanced electronics, and future computing technologies.

Three physicists responsible for the breakthrough have been named recipients of the 2026 Europhysics Prize, one of Europe’s most prestigious honors in condensed matter physics. The European Physical Society (EPS) Condensed Matter Division selected Professor Jairo Sinova of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), Dr. Libor Šmejkal, and Professor Tomas Jungwirth for their work establishing altermagnetism as a distinct form of magnetic order alongside ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism.

“This award recognizes a fundamental discovery that challenged one of the most established paradigms in condensed matter physics,” said Professor Jairo Sinova, Director of the Spin Phenomena Interdisciplinary Center (SPICE) at Mainz University. “Discovering that an entirely new magnetic phase had remained hidden for more than one hundred years demonstrates that even the most mature scientific fields can still hold fundamental surprises.”

The breakthrough emerged from years of collaboration between Sinova’s research group at Mainz University and Jungwirth’s team at the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague. Šmejkal, who also maintained an affiliation in Prague, spent eight years at Mainz between 2016 and 2024, first pursuing doctoral research and later working as a postdoctoral scientist in Sinova’s group.

During that period, Šmejkal played a leading role in developing the theoretical framework behind altermagnetism. By combining advanced mathematical approaches to symmetry with spintronics, which studies how electron spin can be used in electronic devices, the researchers identified a previously unrecognized pattern of magnetic behavior.

Their predictions soon attracted experimental teams around the world. Measurements of electronic properties and electrical transport in multiple materials provided evidence supporting the new magnetic classification. Altermagnetism has since grown into one of the most active areas of condensed matter physics, with research efforts expanding across Europe, North America, and Asia.

A Third Form of Magnetism Rewrites Physics

For more than 100 years, physicists generally divided collinear magnets into two fundamental categories: ferromagnets and antiferromagnets.

Ferromagnets have an overall magnetic alignment that produces a net magnetization. These materials are essential to many magnetic memory technologies used today. In conventional antiferromagnets, opposing magnetic moments cancel one another, leaving no overall magnetization and producing electronic behavior very different from that of ferromagnets.

Altermagnetism introduces a surprising third possibility.

Like antiferromagnets, altermagnets have magnetic moments that cancel out, resulting in no net magnetization. However, their electrons can exhibit properties previously associated with ferromagnets.

This unusual combination allows altermagnets to support electrical currents with strongly polarized electron spins while also displaying extremely rapid magnetic dynamics. Those characteristics could make them valuable for a new generation of spintronic devices, potentially advancing the speed and capabilities of future information technologies.

The significance extends well beyond electronics. Altermagnetism represents a previously unrecognized symmetry class of matter and has revealed unexpected connections to several major areas of modern physics, including topological phenomena, unconventional superconductivity, and quantum materials with strong interactions between electrons.

How Scientists Discovered Altermagnetism

The path toward this discovery began with theoretical investigations into unusual ways that electricity moves through magnetic materials. Among the early advances was the prediction of the crystal anomalous Hall effect, a phenomenon involving electrical transport in certain crystal structures.

Initially, these unexpected behaviors might have appeared to be unusual features of individual materials. However, the researchers eventually recognized that they were connected by a broader principle involving symmetries of electron spins.

Rather than representing isolated exceptions to established magnetic behavior, these materials belonged to an entirely different magnetic category.

A major milestone came in 2022, when the team published a comprehensive symmetry classification of altermagnetism and identified hundreds of materials that could potentially exhibit it.

Experimental physicists subsequently tested these predictions using several complementary methods. These included angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), which reveals how electrons behave inside materials, along with measurements of electrical transport.

The results confirmed altermagnetic behavior in several materials, helping establish the new classification experimentally.

Interest in the discovery has expanded rapidly. Hundreds of scientific papers have appeared within just a few years, and altermagnetism has become a prominent subject at international physics conferences. The growing research community is now investigating both its fundamental properties and its potential technological applications.

Discovery Earns Prestigious 2026 Europhysics Prize

The Europhysics Prize recognizes major advances in condensed matter physics, a field concerned with the physical properties and behavior of materials. Established in 1975, the award honors discoveries that have significantly advanced scientific understanding, with a substantial share of the recognized research conducted in Europe.

The 2026 prize recognizes the theoretical and experimental advances that established altermagnetism as a new fundamental form of collinear magnetic order.

The award ceremony was scheduled for September 2026 at the 32nd General Conference of the European Physical Society Condensed Matter Division (CMD32) in Graz, Austria.

The Scientists Behind the Breakthrough

Professor Jairo Sinova is a physics professor at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz in Germany and director of the university’s Spin Phenomena Interdisciplinary Center. His research investigates magnetism, spintronics, and quantum materials.

Dr. Libor Šmejkal conducted much of the crucial theoretical work that led to the identification of altermagnetism while working at Mainz University from 2016 to 2024. His current affiliations include the Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, and the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences.

Professor Tomas Jungwirth is affiliated with the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the University of Nottingham. He has collaborated extensively with Sinova’s Mainz research team and played a central role in establishing the theoretical foundations of altermagnetism.

Together, their work has revealed a fundamental property of magnetic matter that escaped recognition for more than a century, opening an entirely new direction for research into quantum physics and future electronic technologies.

Everything The Cast Of Girls Has Been Up To Since The Show Came To An End

Posted on 17/10/2026 by Boris Clair

A decade on from the last time we saw them, your favourite Girls are getting back together next year.

Lena Dunham has confirmed that she’s currently working on five brand new episodes of the award-winning 2010s series, bringing Allison Williams, Jemima Kirke, Zosia Mamet and Andrew Rannells along for the ride, with production getting underway in the summer of 2027.

“We always said we would only return to Girls if there was a specific story we were burning to tell,” Lena said in a statement. “I’ve missed these characters, but for a long time I couldn’t quite picture them in the present day.

“Then, right around my 40th birthday [in May 2026], they started talking to me in the shower. And, as you may remember, once this fivesome starts talking it’s pretty hard to get them to stop.”

The cast of Girls pictured in the show's penultimate episode — The cast of Girls pictured in the show’s penultimate episode

Naturally, all this nostalgia for Girls has got fans speculating about where the characters will be a decade on from when we last saw them. But it’s also had us reflecting on what the series’ stellar cast have been up to in the last 10 years, too…

Lena Dunham

Girls catapulted Lena Dunham to international fame as the show’s lead actor, creator, writer and director.

Since the show’s final episode in 2017, her on-screen work has included playing the radical feminist Valerie Solanas in American Horror Story and Catherine “Gypsy” Share, a member of Charles Manson’s cult, in the film Once Upon A Time In Hollywood.

As for her behind-the-scenes work, Lena has directed the movies Catherine Called Birdy and Sharp Stick, as well as the first ever episode of the British financial drama Industry.

In 2025, she also helmed the romantic comedy series Too Much for Netflix, in which she played a supporting character, alongside Megan Stalter and Will Sharpe as the the series’ leads.

More recently, she reflected on her tumultuous time making Girls, and everything that came along with it, in her candid 2026 memoir Famesick.

Allison Williams

The year that Girls came to an end, Allison played a key role in Jordan Peele’s game-changing and Oscar-winning horror movie Get Out, portraying Daniel Kaluuya’s on-screen girlfriend whose parents have a sinister secret.

She also returned to the horror genre in Netflix’s The Perfection and the more comedic M3GAN.

You may have also seen her in series like The Mindy Project, Netflix’s reimagining of A Series Of Unfortunate Events and the romantic drama Fellow Travellers, playing the childhood friend of Matt Bomer’s Hawk.

Jemima Kirke

Jemima Kirke has been involved in an eclectic mix of projects since the Girls finale.

This has included playing a confidante of Jonah Hill’s character in the criminally-underrated Netflix drama Maniac, a strict headmistress in Sex Education and the lead in the Sally Rooney adaptation Conversations With Friends.

In addition to all of that, she has made a one-off appearance in Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, played Zayn Malik’s love interest in his Dusk Till Dawn music video and shared the screen with Jamie Dornan in the romantic drama Untogether.

We also have to take a moment to celebrate Jemima as the meme queen that she is, inspiring not one but two of our go-to reaction posts.

Zosia Mamet

Since saying goodbye to Shoshanna, Zosia Mamet has continued to work on both the big and small screen.

Already known thanks to her work in Mad Men, she later landed major roles in series like Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Tales Of The City and Dickinson, in which she played Little Women author Louisa May Alcott.

Zosia and her co-stars in The Flight Attendant were nominated for a SAG Award for their performance in season one, and just this year, she played Nina Adler in Girls, which has already been compared favourably to Girls.

Her film work, meanwhile, has included voicing Crimp in Trolls Band Together and playing Amaria in the ill-fated superhero movie Madame Web, as well as a mysterious role in Luca Guadagnino’s intriguing new film Artificial.

Adam Driver

It’s fair to say Adam Driver‘s career has gone from strength to strength since Girls’ run.

Having already landed the role of Kylo Ren in Star Wars while the show was still on the air, he’s now a two-time Oscar nominee thanks to his work in the movies BlacKkKlansman and Marriage Story.

Adam went on to play Lady Gaga’s on-screen husband in House Of Gucci, Enzo Ferrari in Ferrari and the lead in Francis Ford Coppola’s ill-fated opus Megalopolis.

Up next, he’s set to make his long-awaited MCU debut as the villainous Mister Sinister in the upcoming X-Men reboot.

Christopher Abbott

Shortly after Girls’ finale, Christopher Abbott landed roles in First Man, Vox Lux and Black Bear, which is where he met his future partner, Aubrey Plaza, with whom he now has a daughter.

His other stand-out film work includes Poor Things, Kraven The Hunter, Wolf Man and The Testament Of Ann Lee, as well as the Apple TV+ drama The Crowded Room, which also featured Tom Holland and Amanda Seyfried.

Andrew Rannells

Already a Tony nominee by the time Girls came along, Andrew Rannells has continued his career in musical theatre, originating the role of Jim Bakker in the London production of Tammy Faye, as well as starring in a revival of The Boys In The Band on Broadway.

He has also racked up a string of impressive TV credits, voicing Matthew in the teen comedy Big Mouth, portraying Blair Pfaff in Black Monday, Kevin in Girls5Eva and Bradford Barton in Welcome to Chippendales.

Besides that, he’s popped up in the Will & Grace reboot, The Boys and Too Much, which reunited him with Lena, while his film work has included A Simple Favor, Ryan Murphy’s The Prom and Miss You, Love You.

Outside of his acting work, Andrew is also now a co-host on the American version of The Great British Bake Off, known as The Great American Baking Show.

Alex Karpovsky

Following his time as the straight-talking Ray in Girls, Alex Karpovsky took a total 180 when he landed a role in the psychological thriller Homecoming.

He later appeared in Curb Your Enthusiasm and Angelyn, and can currently be seen as Big Noah in the Netflix rom-com Nobody Wants This.

Next year, Alex’s film Allow Me To Destroy You, which he both wrote and directed, is also slated for release.

Ebon Moss-Bachrach

Long before he was winning Emmys for his performance as Richie in The Bear, Ebon Moss-Bachrach was probably best known as Marnie’s on-off husband Desi in Girls.

From there, he was cast in The Punisher and The Dropout, before being cast in The Bear, for which he’s now won two Emmys.

Ebon also played Arvel Skeen in the popular Star Wars spin-off Andor, and joined the MCU as The Thing in last year’s The Fantastic Four: First Steps.

Jake Lacy

In Girls, Jake Lacy played Fran, a short-lived boyfriend of Lena Dunham’s Hannah.

After that, he landed roles in I’m Dying Up Here, Fosse/Verdon, High Fidelity and Mrs America, before the series he’s now probably best known for, The White Lotus.

For his work in the inaugural series of the sun-soaked anthology series, Jake was nominated for an Emmy, and he’s also since starred in Furious and All Her Fault.

Jon Glaser

During his stint as Hannah’s neighbour Laird in Girls, Jon Glaser was also starring as Leslie Nope’s nemesis, Jeremy Jamm, in Parks And Recreation.

He later landed his own mockumentary show, Jon Glaser Loves Gear, before more recent roles in Single Drunk Female, Life & Beth, the animated series Wylde Pak and the US remake of Ghosts.

Over the last decade, Jon has also appeared in films like Wine Country, Hustlers and the Oscar-nominated Don’t Look Up.

Gaby Hoffman

Besides her work as Adam’s chaotic sister Caroline in Girls, Gaby Hoffman is perhaps most well-known for her performance in Transparent, as Ali Pfefferman.

Her subsequent TV roles have included the sports drama Winning Time, the Netflix drama Eric and Rian Johnson’s murder mystery Poker Face.

In 2021, Gaby played Joaquin Phoenix’s on-screen sister in the film C’Mon, C’Mon, and more recently starred opposite Josh O’Connor in The Mastermind and Jeremy Allen White in Deliver Me From Nowhere, appearing as the mum of Bruce Springsteen.

Riz Ahmed

Towards the end of Girls’ run, Riz Ahmed made two pivotal appearances as Paul-Louis, the father of Hannah’s son Grover.

Around this time, he was also playing Elias in The OA, and more recently took the lead in the James Bond-centric dark comedy Bait, which he also co-wrote.

He was also nominated for an Oscar for his performance in the film Sound Of Metal, a year before winning in the Best Live Action Short category.

Riz’s other more recent film roles have included the superhero drama Venom, the star-studded disaster movie Digger and the 2025 adaptation of Hamlet, in which he took on the iconic title role.

Richard E Grant

Richard E Grant was already a household name by the time he started playing Jasper in Girls, a role he earned as Lena Dunham was such a big fan of Spice World.

In the last decade, his profile has only continued to grow, notably landing his first Oscar nomination for his performance in 2018’s Can You Ever Forgive Me?, before joining the Star Wars universe as Allegiant General Pryde.

His 2020s film credits have included the musical Everybody’s Talking About Jamie, Emerald Fennell’s class satire Saltburn, the action comedy Argylle and the Jane Austen adaptation Persuasion.

Speaking of Austen, his 2026 credits alone have included the Pride & Prejudice reimagining The Other Bennet Sister, the twisted romance Wicker, a stand-out cameo in Madonna’s Confessions II short film and, of course, a disastrous turn in The Celebrity Traitors.

All six seasons of Girls are now streaming on HBO Max, Sky and Now in the UK.

13 Cosy Shows And Films To Watch To Get You In The Autumn Mood

Posted on 17/10/2026 by Boris Clair

If social media is anything to go by, autumn is a time for ‘spooky vibes’ and leaning into Halloween aesthetics. For some of us, though, it is about getting real bloody cosy.

This means walks in the park to enjoy the natural autumn hues of the outdoors before coming home, snuggling under a blanket and tuning into films and tvs with warm tones and autumn ‘vibes’.

If this sounds like your preferred autumn experience, we have just the shows and films for you…

Films and TV shows with immaculate autumn vibes

Good Will Hunting

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Set against the backdrop of fall in Boston, Massachusetts, Good Will Hunting is the story of mathematics genius Will Hunting and his experiences working as a janitor in MIT. It’s inspiring, emotional and has stellar performances from Matt Damon and Robin Williams.

Good Will Hunting is available on Prime Video, Paramount and Netflix UK.

When Harry Met Sally

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","type":"video","meta":{"author":"Shout! Studios","author_url":"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpHaAKu74UHvcYCi2g_PvBQ","cache_age":86400,"description":"Subscribe to SHOUTFACTORY: http://bit.ly/1nm0dKP \nFollow us on TWITTER: https://twitter.com/shoutfactory \nLike us on FACEBOOK: http://on.fb.me/1nEYhOx \n\nAcclaimed director Rob Reiner, screenwriter Nora Ephron, and stars Billy Crystal and Meg Ryan take you on a journey of love and friendship like no other in this magnificently witty love story that has been deservedly hailed as one of the greatest romantic comedies of all time.\n\nWill sex ruin a perfect relationship between a man and a woman? That’s what Harry Burns (Crystal) and Sally Albright (Ryan) debate while sharing a drive from Chicago to New York. Eleven years of friendship later, they’re still no closer to finding the answer. 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The crème de la crème of romcoms, When Harry Met Sally stars Meg Ryan and Billy Crystal as Harry Burns and Sally Albright as they find out whether men and women really can be “just friends”. It’s set in autumnal New York City and the fashion still inspires the best of autumn looks to this day.

When Harry Met Sally is available to stream on Prime Video.

You’ve Got Mail

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A good night’s sleep does much more than leave you feeling refreshed. During deep sleep, the body releases growth hormone, a powerful chemical messenger that helps build muscle, strengthen bones, and regulate fat metabolism. For teenagers, getting enough sleep is especially important because growth hormone plays a major role in reaching their full height potential.

Scientists have long known that insufficient sleep can interfere with growth hormone production. What remained unclear was exactly how the brain controls this process, particularly during non-REM sleep, the deep, restorative stage that typically dominates the earlier part of the night.

Now, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, have uncovered the brain circuitry behind this relationship. In a study published in the journal Cell, the team identified the neurons that regulate growth hormone release during sleep and discovered a previously unknown feedback system that helps maintain a delicate balance between hormone levels and wakefulness.

The discovery reveals that the relationship works in both directions. Sleep stimulates growth hormone production, but growth hormone also sends signals back to the brain that influence when we wake up.

The findings could eventually help scientists develop new approaches to treating sleep disorders associated with metabolic diseases such as diabetes, as well as neurological conditions including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s.

“People know that growth hormone release is tightly related to sleep, but only through drawing blood and checking growth hormone levels during sleep,” said study first author Xinlu Ding, a postdoctoral fellow in UC Berkeley’s Department of Neuroscience and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. “We’re actually directly recording neural activity in mice to see what’s going on. We are providing a basic circuit to work on in the future to develop different treatments.”

Why Deep Sleep Matters for Growth and Metabolism

Growth hormone is best known for its role in childhood development, but its importance extends well into adulthood. It supports the maintenance of muscle and bone, helps the body regulate how it uses stored fat, and influences blood sugar levels.

When sleep is consistently disrupted, growth hormone regulation can suffer. Because this hormone helps control glucose and fat metabolism, inadequate sleep may contribute to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

To understand how the brain coordinates these processes, the Berkeley researchers focused on a region called the hypothalamus. Located deep within the brain, this small but essential control center helps regulate hunger, body temperature, hormone production, and the daily cycle of sleeping and waking. Its basic functions have been preserved throughout mammalian evolution.

Within the hypothalamus, the researchers examined neurons that produce growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and two distinct types of neurons that produce somatostatin.

These chemical messengers have opposing functions. GHRH encourages growth hormone secretion, while somatostatin suppresses it. Together, they help control how much growth hormone enters the bloodstream, largely by regulating its release from the pituitary gland, a small hormone-producing structure at the base of the brain.

The scientists also investigated how growth hormone influences the locus coeruleus, a region in the brainstem involved in alertness, attention, thinking, and the drive to explore new or unfamiliar experiences.

Disruptions in the activity of this region have been linked to several psychiatric and neurological disorders.

“Understanding the neural circuit for growth hormone release could eventually point toward new hormonal therapies to improve sleep quality or restore normal growth hormone balance,” said Daniel Silverman, a UC Berkeley postdoctoral fellow and study co-author. “There are some experimental gene therapies where you target a specific cell type. This circuit could be a novel handle to try to dial back the excitability of the locus coeruleus, which hasn’t been talked about before.”

Scientists Map the Brain Circuit That Controls Growth Hormone

The research was conducted in the laboratory of Yang Dan, a professor of neuroscience and of molecular and cell biology at UC Berkeley.

To investigate how the circuitry works, the team studied mice using electrodes implanted in their brains. The scientists recorded neural activity while using light to stimulate specific neurons in the hypothalamus, allowing them to observe how different parts of the system responded.

Mice are particularly useful for studying sleep regulation because their sleep patterns differ significantly from those of humans. Rather than sleeping through one long stretch each night, mice typically sleep in brief episodes lasting only several minutes, scattered throughout the day and night.

This gave the researchers repeated opportunities to examine how neural activity and growth hormone regulation changed as the animals moved between sleeping and waking.

Using advanced techniques to trace connections between brain cells, the team discovered that GHRH and somatostatin behave differently depending on the stage of sleep.

During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the stage commonly associated with vivid dreaming, activity involving both GHRH and somatostatin increases. Although these hormones normally exert opposing effects, their coordinated activity during this stage contributes to increased growth hormone release.

During non-REM sleep, the pattern changes. Somatostatin activity decreases, reducing its inhibitory influence, while GHRH activity rises moderately. This combination also promotes growth hormone secretion.

The discovery helps explain how different sleep stages can support the release of the same essential hormone through distinct patterns of brain activity.

Growth Hormone Also Helps Control When We Wake Up

Perhaps the most surprising finding was that growth hormone does not simply respond to signals from the sleeping brain. It also influences the brain circuits that control wakefulness.

As growth hormone gradually builds up during sleep, it stimulates neurons in the locus coeruleus, increasing their activity and helping promote the transition toward waking.

This creates a feedback loop in which sleep encourages growth hormone release, and the resulting hormone activity helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

The researchers also identified an unexpected complication. Although greater activity in the locus coeruleus generally promotes alertness, excessive stimulation can have the opposite effect.

In an earlier study published the same year, Silverman demonstrated that when neurons in this region become overexcited, they can paradoxically promote sleepiness rather than wakefulness.

Together, these findings reveal a carefully regulated system in which the brain must balance competing signals to maintain healthy sleep and hormone activity.

Scientists describe this type of self-regulating process as homeostasis, the body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions even as its environment and physiological demands change.

“This suggests that sleep and growth hormone form a tightly balanced system: Too little sleep reduces growth hormone release, and too much growth hormone can in turn push the brain toward wakefulness,” Silverman said. “Sleep drives growth hormone release, and growth hormone feeds back to regulate wakefulness, and this balance is essential for growth, repair and metabolic health.”

A Surprising Connection Between Sleep and Brain Health

The newly identified feedback system may have implications that extend beyond physical growth and metabolism.

Because the locus coeruleus helps regulate attention, alertness, and cognitive function, growth hormone’s influence on this region suggests it could also play a role in how effectively the brain functions after waking.

This raises the possibility that maintaining healthy sleep and growth hormone rhythms may support both physical recovery and mental performance.

“Growth hormone not only helps you build your muscle and bones and reduce your fat tissue, but may also have cognitive benefits, promoting your overall arousal level when you wake up,” Ding said.

By identifying the specific brain cells and signaling pathways involved, the researchers have provided a foundation for exploring therapies that target disrupted sleep and hormone regulation.

Such approaches could eventually prove useful for people with sleep disturbances related to metabolic disorders or neurological diseases. However, the experiments were conducted in mice, and additional research will be needed to determine how these mechanisms operate in humans and whether they can be safely targeted with treatments.

The findings underscore a fundamental principle of sleep biology: Rest is not simply a period when the brain switches off. It is an active, carefully coordinated process in which hormones and neural circuits constantly communicate to support growth, repair, metabolism, and wakefulness.

Research Funding and Contributors

The research was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), which supported Dan as an HHMI investigator until the year of the study’s publication, and the Pivotal Life Sciences Chancellor’s Chair fund.

Dan holds the Pivotal Life Sciences Chancellor’s Chair in Neuroscience.

Additional co-authors include Peng Zhong, Bing Li, Chenyan Ma, Lihui Lu, Grace Jiang, Zhe Zhang, Xiaolin Huang, Xun Tu, and Zhiyu Melissa Tian of UC Berkeley, along with Fuu-Jiun Hwang and Jun Ding of Stanford University.

Women are dedicating an average of 2.3 hours a week to ‘menopause admin’

Beyond managing their symptoms, women are dedicating on average over two hours a week to menopause admin. This includes:

Menopause comes with a range of symptoms including difficulty concentrating, electric shocks on the skin, vaginal atrophy and recurring urinary tract infections (UTIs).

A full range of potential menopause symptoms can be found on The Menopause Charity’s website but it’s fair to say, we are likely dismissing one another’s symptoms because we simply don’t know the extent of the changes menopause can bring.

Laura Biggs, Founding Director at Menopause Mandate, comments: “Perimenopause and menopause can affect women in very different ways, and symptoms can change over time. It’s so important that women know what they might experience and can find help and support when they need it.

“Since launching in 2022, the Menopause Mandate nurse helpline has offered free advice from trained professionals.”

Lena Dunham

Allison Williams

Jemima Kirke

Zosia Mamet

Adam Driver

Christopher Abbott

Andrew Rannells

Alex Karpovsky

Ebon Moss-Bachrach

Jake Lacy

Jon Glaser

Gaby Hoffman

Riz Ahmed

Richard E Grant

Films and TV shows with immaculate autumn vibes

Good Will Hunting

When Harry Met Sally

You’ve Got Mail

The Fantastic Mr Fox

Moonrise Kingdom

Dead Poet’s Society

Stepmom

Little Women (2019)

Gilmore Girls

Heartstopper

Over The Garden Wall

Only Murders In The Building

Unique human capacities

‘Squeezed to death’

A population explosion

Science and stagecraft

Women are dedicating an average of 2.3 hours a week to ‘menopause admin’