Cystic fibrosis ‘miracle drug’ Kaftrio best Christmas gift – family

Jesses, 4, from Essex, who has cystic fibrosis, will begin taking Kaftrio drug after its approval.

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‘I was addicted to social media – now I’m suing Big Tech’

The lawsuit says four of the largest social media firms knowingly expose children to harmful products.

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Winter pressure may hit NHS Wales wait targets – minister

The health minister says winter pressures could have an impact on waiting list targets.

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Jeremy Hunt Challenged To Justify Any Inheritance Tax Cut

Jeremy Hunt was asked on Sunday to justify cutting inheritance tax for the rich at the same time as many people are struggling to pay bills.

On Wednesday the chancellor will unveil his Autumn Statement, setting out his tax and spending plans ahead of next year’s general election.

It has been reported he could cut the headline rate of inheritance tax – the tax on the estate (property, money and possessions) of someone who’s died – from 40% to 20%.

According to the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), less than 4% of estates paid inheritance tax in 2020–21 as it only applies to wealth over a certain amount.

In an interview with the BBC’s Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg programme, Hunt was shown a question from a viewer who asked: “Why change inheritance tax when you have the lower paid struggling to pay their bills?”

Kuenssberg asked the chancellor: “What would it say about modern Conservative Party if you cut inheritance tax, at the same time as so many people are struggling?

“Why would you do that when people are having such a hard time?”

Hunt refused to rule in or rule out the cut, saying he was “not going to be drawn on any individual taxes”.

“I think you can read the papers this morning and you can see that I am going to abolish every single tax, there is – in fact, if you read the papers, there wouldn’t be any taxes left after Wednesday,” he said.

“I’m very sorry to say, I can confirm that won’t be the case. I would dearly love to bring down all different types of taxes.”

Rachel Reeves, the shadow chancellor, told the same programme cutting inheritance tax “in the middle of a massive cost of living crisis, and when public services are on their knees” was “not the right priority”.

“I understand people’s desire to pass on to their children what they’ve worked hard for but right now that is not the right thing to do and we would not support it,” she said.

However Reeves did not commit to reversing any inheritance tax cut implemented by the current government should Labour win the next election.

If inheritance tax was abolished completely, the IFS calculated it would cost the government £7 billion.

Around half of the benefit would go to those with estates of £2.1 million or more at death, who make up the top 1% of estates and would benefit from an average tax cut of around £1.1 million.

The IFS said the 90% or so of estates not paying inheritance tax would not be directly affected.

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Jeremy Hunt Refuses To Rule Out Cutting Benefits In Autumn Statement

Jeremy Hunt has refused to rule out increasing benefits by a smaller amount than usual by changing how the figure is calculated.

Benefits are usually “uprated” each April in line with the inflation rate of the previous September.

But according to Bloomberg News, the chancellor is considering pegging the increase to October’s inflation rate instead, and increase of 4.6% rather than 6.7%.

Speaking to the BBC’s Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg, Hunt did not commit to increasing benefits using the traditional method.

“I am not going to say this morning what I going to announce to parliament on Wednesday,” he said.

The interview came ahead next week’s Autumn Statement, which will see him set out his tax and spending plans ahead of next year’s general election.

As well as potentially squeezing benefits, it has also been reported Hunt could cut inheritance tax as well as some income taxes or national insurance.

Rachel Reeves, the shadow chancellor, told the same programme Labour would increase benefits by the standard amount.

“In government I will use the inflation rate that is traditional, the September inflation,” she said.

“If you pick and choose from year to year which inflation number is the cheapest thing to do then what you see is the gradual erosion of people’s incomes.”

According to the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) picking the October rate rather than September would cut working-age benefits spending by about £3 billion.

It would reduce the money given to for the 8 million working-age households receiving means-tested or disability benefits.

The respected economics think-tank said real benefit levels would not just take several years to regain their pre-pandemic level but “would never get back to where they were without subsequent changes in policy”.

The Resolution Foundation also said the effect of benefit cuts under the Conservatives since 2010 was “already staggering”.

Torsten Bell, the think-tank’s director, said: “The poorest fifth are around £2,700 a year worse off as a result. And that’s just the average. When people wonder why so many families are struggling today, this is a key part of the answer,”

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Muslim And Arab Congressional Staffers Say They Feel ‘Betrayed’ By Democratic Bosses

As the death toll climbs from Israel’s attacks on Gaza and the U.S. makes few moves to rein in its closest military ally, one group is saying that it has never felt so invisible.

Muslim and Arab staffers and those whose family come from the region say they are struggling with a gnawing belief that their lives don’t matter to their colleagues. They describe the agony of watching the institution to which they’ve dedicated their career sending military aid amid the killing of thousands of civilians who look like them.

“They have the same faith as us, have the same names as us, a lot of our families live in the region,” one staffer said. “So when we hear that dehumanizing language, it’s dehumanizing us.”

Every day brings some new confirmation that “my life would not matter to this place if I had been born somewhere else,” said another.

Staffers who spoke for this story all requested anonymity because of a pervasive fear of retaliation. They ranged from junior staff to veterans in moderate and progressive offices in the Senate and the House.

A number said they have contemplated quitting. But they questioned who else would speak up for Palestinians as forcefully if they were to leave.

One aide, who broke down in front of their boss, said the congressperson resolved that night to call for a cease-fire. Another described to their boss how frightening it was for their family to visit relatives in the Palestinian territories because of the arbitrariness of the violence there.

“I did it in the hopes it would humanize the issue for him. And I know it reinforced what he was feeling,” the staffer said. Their boss also called for a cease-fire.

“They have the same faith as us, have the same names as us … . So when we hear that dehumanizing language, it’s dehumanizing us.”

But those members are firmly in the minority. Since the Oct. 7 attack in which Hamas killed an estimated 1,200 in Israel and took nearly 240 hostages, Israel has besieged the Gaza Strip with airstrikes, killing an estimated 11,000 people in Gaza — 4,200 of them children. The magnitude of the retaliatory strikes has caused a surge of outrage in the U.S., and polls have found rising support for an end to the bombing. Still, only two dozen members of Congress have called for a cease-fire.

The Biden administration and most of Congress have rejected cease-fire calls and are instead negotiating to send Israel billions of dollars’ worth of additional military aid.

Staffers say the disregard for Palestinian lives goes deeper.

Some offices have shown little urgency to help U.S. citizens and legal residents trapped in Gaza.

“Not only did those calls come in, we had absolutely zero guidance” to offer them, one aide said. “I read mail from folks who had relatives who were still trapped, and that, as far as I know, was lost in the pipeline, or they received the same generic responses that any constituent got.”

In the days after Hamas’ massacre, as Israel was announcing preparations for an all-out siege, the State Department’s crisis intake form, which is key to keeping track of which U.S. citizens and residents need evacuation or are unaccounted for, lacked the option to request assistance in the Palestinian enclaves of Gaza or the West Bank. A group of congressional staffers raised an alarm, and the State Department eventually updated the form. The department did not respond to a request for comment.

‘Wow, A Lot Is Going On’

In many corners of Capitol Hill, support for Israel is manifesting as a refusal to acknowledge the bloodshed of civilians in the Gaza Strip.

The office of Rep. Virginia Foxx (R-N.C.) responded to an earnest email calling for an end to the siege on Gaza and the resumption of electricity to its hospitals by equating the writer’s concern for Palestinian deaths with support for Hamas.

“This is in response to your form letter where you take a stance against Israel,” Foxx’s office replied, in a letter shared with HuffPost. “You need the facts because your position is alarming.” Saying her heart aches at the news coming out of Israel (and notably making no mention of Gaza), she continued, “it is unwise to support a regime which destroys its own hospitals during a humanitarian crisis.”

Reached for comment, Foxx’s office asked for the identity of the staffer who shared Foxx’s letter and likened this article to “ghostwriting for Hamas.”

The office of Hakeem Jeffries, the House minority leader, helped organize special transportation for members of Congress to attend Tuesday’s March for Israel on the National Mall. A spokesperson for Jeffries’ office said the Sergeant at Arms’ office suggested group transportation for security reasons because so many members planned to attend — but to many staffers, the unusual arrangements gave the event the imprimatur of a high-level function, like a state funeral.

At the rally, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) pledged “all the assistance you need” while House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) set off a chant of “no cease-fire” among the crowd.

Meanwhile, discussions of the human toll in Gaza are taking place in hushed voices or not at all. One staffer said her office ignored the siege until calls began pouring in from angry constituents. “Now they’ll say, ‘Wow, a lot is going on’ — but no one wants to say what is going on.”

Several offices have been warned not to contradict their boss’s position in any public forum. Even the more supportive offices, others said, are fearful of the backlash if a staffer were identified at a pro-Palestinian rally. Some senior aides discouraged staff from joining a recent walkout on the House steps and warned that they should wear a mask if they feel they have to protest.

“We just want to be included in the empathy.…Even if you just add ‘and Palestinian lives’ and you don’t mean it. This is a place of performances. We do that all the time.”

But tiptoeing around the subject of mass death is becoming unbearable.

Last week, congressional leadership held a bipartisan candlelight vigil on the House steps to honor the victims of Hamas’ attack one month earlier. A Muslim aide recalled her disbelief when she realized the invitation made no mention of the lives lost among Palestinians. A day before the vigil, the estimated death toll in Gaza exceeded 10,000, and the United Nations secretary general warned that Gaza was becoming a “graveyard for children.”

The staffer said she left her desk and sobbed in the stairwell of the Rayburn House Office Building. She said she had never felt so invisible.

“Mourn Israeli lives, release the hostages ― I agree with all of that. We just want to be included in the empathy,” she said. “Even if you truly don’t care. Even if you just add ‘and Palestinian lives’ and you don’t mean it. This is a place of performances. We do that all the time.”

Others have similarly said that the lack of even empty gestures is crushing.

After Rep. Brian Mast (R-Fla.) compared “the idea of innocent Palestinian civilians” to “throw[ing] around the term ‘innocent Nazi civilians’ during World War II,” all but a handful of House members were silent. Democrats later abandoned an attempt to censure him.

“You would at least expect statements, which are empty and don’t have any action behind them, that recognize the value of human life, but we don’t even have that,” an aide said. “And that’s devastating.”

‘I Feel Betrayed By This Country’

The feeling of walking the hallways and seeing no recognition for the lives being lost is alien, one congressional staffer said. Her colleagues are planning their office holiday party while her social media feeds are flooded with photos of suffering and destruction, and her group chats are vibrating with grief.

“Several of the children who have died have not only looked like me or my siblings but bore my name,” said a staffer whose boss is avoiding any discussion of civilian deaths in Gaza. “When you are a Hill staffer working with the folks who have the power and the authority to change these outcomes and they choose not to, and choose not to even have the conversation, it frankly doesn’t get more scary than that.”

Lately, he said, he’s found it difficult to look his lawmaker in the eye.

“Literally you have people working in this building who know people who have died because of the policies this institution is supporting,” another staffer added. Last month, an Israeli bombardment destroyed the home of their mutual friend. She survived but lay trapped beneath her mother’s body for hours.

“As soon as I go in, I plaster a smile onto my face, and I’m nice and really friendly all day,” the staffer said. “But inside I feel like I’m being torn apart. I cannot wait to leave every day.”

Plenty are contemplating whether to leave Capitol Hill for good.

Those who work for the Democratic caucus have grown rapidly disillusioned with its claims to be the party of inclusion.

Unlike in the aftermath of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, one noted, there are a significant number of Muslim and Arab staffers on the Hill with foreign policy expertise and lived experience with the “war on terror.” They have strategic advice and warnings to offer. But any debate is so stifled that they have few opportunities.

“We can’t even start a conversation about whether what’s going on in Palestine is in our national interest,” this staffer said. “We’re finding that you can come to the table with every possible qualification, but just by coming to the table as a Muslim American, your opinion will be cast aside as ‘biased.’”

Another questioned “why we’re even here.”

“What’s the point of having Muslims on the Hill if we’re not even being asked our opinions or being given a little bit of space to share without doxxing, without being labeled pro-terrorist?” she asked. “All we’re expected to do is come in and blend in.”

For many, their colleagues’ apathy evokes a bitter question.

“At the end of the day, do they really think my life matters?” one staffer asked.

Recently, one staffer realized they’re not sure if they can bring themselves to volunteer for Joe Biden’s reelection campaign — or even, despite building a whole career in Democratic politics, continue to call themselves a Democrat.

But after Biden cast doubt on the number of Palestinians who had died so far in the siege, the staffer realized they couldn’t vote for him.

“I feel disgusted, abandoned, and, more than anything, I feel betrayed by this country,” the staffer said. They plan to write in the name of someone who was killed instead. “My vote has already been cast.”

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Wondering Why Everyone’s Buying Skin Care With Niacinamide? Here’s Your Answer

If niacinamide were a person, it would already have earned a Nobel Peace Prize. As a skin care ingredient, it can go pretty much everywhere, calm things down right away and get everything working well together. But until they start awarding global honours for skin creams (and really, why not?), mighty niacinamide continues to prove there’s little it can’t do for beleaguered, stressed and irritated skin.

What It Is And How It Helps Skin

Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3, a water-soluble vitamin that’s a powerful antioxidant everyone needs to support a number of cellular processes. “It’s not produced naturally by the body, so you must use skin care products specifically formulated with niacinamide to experience the ingredient’s benefits,” Tom Allison, senior vice president and global head of professional marketing at CeraVe, told HuffPost.

It appears in products intended to alleviate fine lines and wrinkles, acne, eczema, discolouration, rosacea, large pores, oily skin and sun damage, among other things. If that seems like a tall order for one ingredient to address all those issues, niacinamide is up to the job, experts say.

Erin Greer, executive director of education and training at Alastin Skincare, explained that one of the ingredient’s superpowers is restoring the moisture barrier function of the skin. “As we get older, we can lose the lipid barrier that makes skin radiant and luminous. Niacinamide produces ceramides that help to restore that barrier, reduce dehydration and help skin look better.”

In a sign of our overstressed times, dermatologist Dhaval Bhanusali said, “In general, there’s a trend toward ‘calming’ ingredients. Niacinamide is a popular option since it’s so well-tolerated. It’s truly a star ingredient and one I recommend often.”

Good For Dry Skin, Oily Skin — Pretty Much Good For Skin In General

You knew we couldn’t get this far into a skin care article without talking about free radicals, those pesky molecules with unpaired electrons that can build up and cause oxidative stress, which harms other cells and speeds up aging symptoms like wrinkles. “As a true multitasker, niacinamide neutralizes free radicals and helps to address the slowing of skin aging through repair and rejuvenation,” dermatologist Melissa Kanchanapoomi Levin said. But wait, she said, there’s more: “Because it’s also been shown to regulate oil secretion and cell skin turnover, it’s recommended for both dry, sensitive skin and oily, acne-prone skin types, too.”

It might be hard to find a skin care ingredient that plays so well with others. “Niacinamide tends to complement and work well when layered with several other active ingredients that compose a typical skin care regimen,” said dermatologist Janiene Luke, co-chair of the Skin of Color Society technology and media committee and associate professor and director of the dermatology residency program at Loma Linda University. “It typically can be used in people who also use retinoids, salicylic acid and other chemical exfoliants, as well as hydrating ingredients such as hyaluronic acid.”

How To Get Started And When You’ll See Results

“Most people can tolerate niacinamide, but I’d suggest looking for concentrations that range from 2% to 10%, since higher concentrations sometimes can cause irritation,” Luke said.

“With my patients, I’ve seen them do well with up to 6% niacinamide,” Bhanusali said. “If it’s higher than that, you should spot treat first and make sure you tolerate well before applying all over.”

If you like the results you’re seeing on your face, try using it all over your body, Deanne Mraz Robinson, dermatologist and assistant clinical professor of dermatology at Yale New Haven Hospital, told HuffPost. “Look for it as an ingredient in body lotion, as well. It’s a helpful ingredient for dry, itchy skin.” She did note some caveats: “It shouldn’t be used simultaneously with skin care products that contain vitamin C. When combined with vitamin C, it turns into niacin, which can cause redness and irritation in sensitive skin.”

Once you begin regular applications, you’ll need to be patient. “Niacinamide typically takes eight to 12 weeks to work if you’re using it regularly,” dermatologist Ellen Marmur said. “But in some cases, you will see almost immediate improvement.”

And, as always, use common sense: avoid it if you’re allergic to it, of course. And go slowly. “Some people do get irritated by higher concentrations of niacinamide, so you can get too much of a good thing,” said Michelle Wong, the chemistry Ph.D. behind the Lab Muffin Beauty Science blog.

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It Was Thrilling Being Mistaken For A Straight Guy. Here’s What Changed My Mind.

It started innocently enough at an Olive Garden in Ohio.

“Would you and your wife like to start with something to drink?” the waitress asked casually.

“I’ll have a club soda and she’ll have a diet coke,” I found myself replying.

I was sitting across the table from my good friend Megan. Of course the server thought we were married. We’re roughly the same age, and we were both wearing wedding bands. Megan is like a beautiful, funny, younger Jessica Lange. Anyone would be thrilled to be married to her. But then again, my husband, Saul, is pretty awesome, too.

Saul and I had recently decided to relocate from New Jersey to Palm Springs. After traveling to California in February for what was supposed to be a two-month visit, we quickly fell for the community of gay men we discovered there after living in a wonderful but mostly straight small town in Jersey.

It took coordinated effort to move two cats, a dog and the two of us 2,600 miles to a new home. After Saul packed up the house and flew the animals west, I volunteered to drive a van with our most cherished possessions across the country with one of my best friends.

My sibling-like bond with Megan was formed through many years of long, gruelling days in television production before both of us got married and changed jobs. We’ve seen much less of each other in the last decade, but we knew we would easily fall back into our familiar friendship groove once we hit the road. But now, our relationship was taking a turn I didn’t expect.

When the waitress returned and placed our unlimited breadsticks on the table, I refrained from complimenting her fabulous multicoloured fake nails.

“I didn’t want her to think I’m some creepy husband flirting in front of his wife,” I explained to Megan a moment later.

“It’s more likely she would have wondered why I was married to a gay man,” she replied dryly.

Our ruse continued through Indiana, Illinois and Missouri. I started calling Megan “honey” in front of others and quickly grabbed the check at the end of each meal. I was determined to be the breadwinner in this fantasy hetero marriage.

I almost blew our cover at a gas station outside of Tulsa, Oklahoma, when a ruggedly handsome cowboy sauntered up to me at the pump.

“Are you looking for diesel?” he asked in a sexy, whiskey-rasped voice.

“It depends. Is your name Diesel?” I almost replied.

The author (right) in the Catskills with his spouse, Saul.

Courtesy of Keith Hoffman

The author (right) in the Catskills with his spouse, Saul.

But it wasn’t all fun. At a Taco Bell in Texas, we stood in line behind two rough-looking, solidly built women who looked like they didn’t bother to get out of their pyjamas anymore. They had wild bedhead and wore dark makeup over their angry eyes.

“I can’t understand a word anybody says in them damn masks!” one of them complained loudly, glaring at Megan and me. We were the only ones wearing the offending objects.

I had gotten used to the threats that come with being different, but I was definitely out of my comfort zone. I shifted a little closer to my faux wife.

When Megan stepped up to the counter and asked about Taco Bell’s gluten-free options, I went into high alert. I was convinced the women would start taunting us, but to my surprise, they left us alone. I’m not sure that would have been the case if Saul were at my side wearing one of his “I Love My Cats” T-shirts. Avoiding wheat was obviously less offensive than being in love with someone of the same gender.

By the time we got to New Mexico and sat in a tiny diner, happily making small talk with other male-female couples, my transformation was complete. I felt like Eddie Murphy in that classic “Saturday Night Live” skit in which he goes undercover to find out how white people really act when no Black people are around.

Was it wrong that I was getting a thrill out of being thought of as “normal” after a lifetime of internalising messages that gay wasn’t as good as straight and being made to feel like my queerness was, at best, a little weird, and often something much, much more terrible?

I still look for a slight reaction from a cashier when I tell them my grocery discount card is under my husband’s name. And I often think back to the day after my sister died, when an old friend called to tell me she was sorry for my heartbreaking loss before cheerfully adding, “Oh, and I want you to know I’m OK with you being gay!”

I’ve celebrated decades of Pride Months being “here and queer,” and I’ve participated in countless marches. I’ve stood up to homophobia at work, with my family, and in constant daily interactions ever since I came out at the age of 18.

Sometimes being proud is exhausting.

But now I realise it’s actually a luxury that I can “pass” as straight. That isn’t the case for everyone, and those people are often in danger everywhere they go. Being at risk starts early. LBGTQ youth are often targeted and bullied in grade and high school when they are at their most vulnerable. In fact, lesbian, gay and bisexual youth are almost five times more likely to have attempted suicide than heterosexual youth. A survey of trans and nonbinary youth conducted by the Trevor Project found that 60% had considered suicide in 2021.

“I realize it’s actually a luxury that I can ‘pass’ as straight. That isn’t the case for everyone, and those people are often in danger everywhere they go.”

What’s more, there are still so many forces at work trying to limit or roll back the rights of queer people ― especially those who identify as trans. State legislatures are continuing to advance bills targeting transgender and nonbinary people, including criminalising health care for transgender youth, barring access to the use of appropriate restrooms, restricting their ability to fully participate in school sports, allowing religiously motivated discrimination and making it more difficult to get ID documents with their correct name and gender.

These sobering facts make me realise how important it is that we don’t stop fighting. Sometimes that fight involves protesting, voting and speaking up and out about our identities. Sometimes fighting means coming out ― to the grocery cashier, the macho mechanic or the stranger sitting next to us on the plane ― because refusing to “pass” as straight and telling people who we are can be a radical act. It can change someone’s mind about who is queer and what it means to be queer, and that can have incredibly profound consequences. And because not everyone lives in a place or has a life where they’ll be safe if they do come out, it feels that much more important for people like me to do it if and when and as often as we can.

Many people have fought for generations for my right to say the words, “This is my husband, Saul,” and the fight continues. As Megan and I settle back into our own married lives with our respective spouses, one of the most powerful things I can still do is stay visible. So as much as I enjoyed my time in hetero land, it’s time to get back to work.

Keith Hoffman is finishing his memoir, “The Summer My Sister Grew Sideburns.” He has written for television shows such as “The Secret World of Alex Mack,” “Sister Sister” and the popular Nickelodeon cartoon “Doug.” He was a producer for the GLAAD Award winning series “30 Days,” and currently serves as executive producer for Animal Planet/Discovery, where he produced 10 seasons of “Finding Bigfoot.” His essays have appeared in HuffPost, New York Daily News and Grub Street Literary Journal. You can read his blog at TheRavenLunatic.com and find him on Instagram at @Keefhoffman and on Twitter at @khravenlunatic.

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The 1 Key Upgrade To My Ice Cream Was Hiding In My Kitchen Cupboard

Winter schminter – ice cream is completely acceptable to scoff 365 days of the year in our opinion.

But before you tuck into that scoop of ice cream fresh outta the freezer, you’ve got one more thing to drizzle on it.

Strawberry sauce? Melted chocolate? No, what we’ve been recommended isn’t anything sweet.

Instead, it’s time to dive into that kitchen cupboard and reach for the… olive oil.

Yup, the very same olive oil you’ve been pouring on salads and using to fry stuff in – according to fans of the pairing, the richness of olive oil is a perfect pairing for the texture of ice cream.

Savoury and sweet are best friends, and olive oil complements the ice cream’s richness, resulting in a decadent dessert.

Don’t believe us? Well, First for Women writes that “A drizzle of olive oil over your scoop of ice cream may sound strange, but it adds a surprisingly rich, buttery note that perfectly complements the sweetness.”

Meanwhile, Serious Eats boasts that the flavour can also be fruity and peppery, depending on what type of olive oil you choose.

Then there’s the fact that it’s rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, meaning that extra virgin olive oil is one helluva healthier topping for your ice cream than chocolate or sweets.

Olive oil is in fact a very common topping for ice cream in Italian restaurants and olive oil ice cream (as in ice cream made with olive oil), is a popular dessert in Italy itself. Apparently making ice cream with olive oil makes it a lot smoother – which when you really think about it does make sense.

Want to take things even further? A good pinch of sea salt on your olive oil covered ice cream is the next step to a savoury/sweet dessert of dreams.

Move over hundreds and thousands.

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Potential glaucoma treatment strategy to guide stem cells to the retina

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and vision loss, due to the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), cannot currently be reversed with any treatment. Some studies have looked at replacing RGCs through cell transplants, but this process is still in the research and development stage and fraught with limitations that highlight a need for a more precise manner of effectively repopulating these cells in the retina. Now, a multidisciplinary team led by researchers at the Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear has identified a promising new strategy for glaucoma cell replacement therapy.

In their new study, researchers changed the microenvironment in the eye in a way that enabled them to take stem cells from blood and turn them into retinal ganglion cells that were capable of migrating and surviving into the eye’s retina. They conducted their study on the adult mouse retina, but the work’s implications could one day be applied to human retina, according to the researchers who published their findings November 6th in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

One limitation that prevents the success of current stem cell transplantation strategies in retina studies is that the majority of donor cells remain at the site of injection and do not migrate where they are most needed. To identify an improved solution, the researchers created RGCs out of stem cells, then tested the ability of various signaling molecules known as chemokines to guide these new neurons to their correct positions within the retina. The research team utilized a “big data” approach and examined hundreds of such molecules and receptors to find 12 unique to RGCs. They found stromal derived factor 1 was the best performing molecule for both migration and transplantation.

“This method of using chemokines to guide donor cell movement and integration represents a promising approach to restoring vision in glaucoma patients,” said senior author Petr Baranov, MD, PhD, of Mass Eye and Ear, who is also an assistant professor of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School. “It was an exciting journey to work with a team of talented scientists with unique expertise to develop novel techniques in this study to modify the local environment to guide cell behavior — techniques that potentially be applied to treat other neurodegenerative conditions.”

The study was co-led by members of Baranov’s lab at Mass Eye and Ear including bioengineer and lead study author Jonathan R Soucy, PhD, and lead bioinformatician Emil Kriukov, MD.

In addition to Baranov, Soucy and Kriukov, co-authors of the study include Levi Todd, Monichan Phay, Volha V. Malechka, John Dayron Rivera and Thomas A Reh.

The study was funded by several National Eye Institute (NEI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants — a complete list can be found in the paper — and grants from the Bright Focus Foundation and Gilbert Family Foundation.

The University of Washington discloses a patent incorporating the endogenous reprogramming technology described in this report with inventors LT and TAR.

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