Scientists discover strange link between vitamin D and pain

Women with low vitamin D levels may face a more painful recovery after breast cancer surgery and could require significantly more opioid medication afterward, according to research published online in the journal Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine.

The findings suggest that breast cancer patients with vitamin D deficiency (below 30 nmol/L) might benefit from taking vitamin D supplements before undergoing a radical mastectomy.

Researchers say growing evidence points to vitamin D playing an important role in how the body senses and regulates pain. Scientists believe this may be connected to the vitamin’s anti inflammatory properties and its effects on the immune system. Vitamin D deficiency is also frequently seen in people with breast cancer.

Study Examined Pain After Breast Cancer Surgery

To explore the connection, researchers carried out a prospective observational study at Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt between September 2024 and April 2025.

The study included 184 women with breast cancer who were preparing to have surgery to remove one breast. Half of the participants had vitamin D deficiency (below 30 nmol/L), while the other half had vitamin D levels above 30 nmol/L. The two groups were otherwise similar, with average ages of 44 and 42.

Doctors and nurses caring for the patients did not know their vitamin D status. All participants received the hospital’s standard treatment before, during, and after surgery.

During the operation, patients were given fentanyl to control acute pain. After surgery, everyone received intravenous paracetamol every eight hours. Patients were also able to self administer tramadol, another opioid pain medication, by pressing a control button.

Patients With Low Vitamin D Needed More Opioids

Pain levels were recorded immediately after surgery and again at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours later. Researchers also tracked nausea, vomiting, sedation levels, and length of hospital stay.

Patients with vitamin D deficiency were three times more likely to experience moderate to severe pain during the first 24 hours after surgery compared with patients who had adequate vitamin D levels.

Researchers noted that none of the patients in either group reported severe pain of 7 or higher on the standard 0 to 10 pain scale. The difference was entirely related to a higher number of patients experiencing moderate pain levels between 4 and 6.

The vitamin D deficient group also required more opioid medication. On average, these patients received 8 μg more fentanyl during surgery, which researchers described as a modest increase.

However, after surgery, the difference became much larger. Patients with low vitamin D used an average of 112mg more tramadol than those with sufficient vitamin D levels. The medication was patient controlled, with doses capped at 50mg per hour.

Vitamin D and Recovery Complications

Opioid medications can lead to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and confusion. They also carry risks of dependence and addiction.

The study found postoperative nausea occurred more often among patients with vitamin D deficiency. Vomiting was only reported in the deficient group, although researchers said the difference was too small to be considered statistically significant.

The researchers acknowledged several limitations. Because the study was observational and conducted at a single medical center, it cannot prove that low vitamin D directly caused the increase in pain. The team also did not measure inflammatory markers that might explain how vitamin D influences pain. In addition, information about anxiety, depression, cancer stage, previous treatments, and sleep problems before surgery was not collected.

Even with those limitations, the researchers concluded, “Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher occurrence of moderate to severe postoperative pain and increased opioid consumption in patients undergoing unilateral modified radical mastectomy.”

They added, “Preoperative vitamin D supplementation in breast cancer patients with vitamin D levels below 30 nmol/L may have a role in modulating postoperative pain.”

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Older Women Have Stopped Caring About These 6 Things — And It Feels Like Freedom

Actor Helen Mirren once told People magazine that she thinks aging and all the changes that come with it are something to embrace rather than try to hide: “I think women were just so terrified of having white or gray hair because it immediately puts them into a different category. And of course, you are in that age group. I’m sorry, but you are! So, why not just embrace it, go along with it, and welcome it? Make it a positive thing as opposed to a negative thing.”

For some, it’s a tough pill to swallow, but aging is inevitable and happens to all of us. Throughout our lives, we evolve with socially constructed beauty standards that try to dictate what we’re supposed to look like at every decade. That may lead to using hair rollers daily for perfectly bouncy curls, waxing your body monthly, or indulging in new makeup trends.

But it’s not unusual to come to a point where you don’t want to deal with the upkeep, and you simply don’t care about investing so much time and money in your appearance. This can mean letting go of decades-long rituals and routines that used to boost your confidence or even feel like a necessity — and it’s incredibly freeing.

We spoke with six women over 50 who shared the things they just don’t care about anymore and why it’s liberating.

A Rigid Daily Beauty Routine

At 50, Lisa Richards let go of almost every beauty routine she once felt committed to. “And it’s been incredibly freeing,” she said.

In her younger years, she felt like she had to do it all, including a full face of makeup, styled hair and constant upkeep. “There was this unspoken pressure to always look ‘done.’ Now, I’ve completely stepped away from that mindset,” Richards explained, adding that what changed for her is how she defines beauty. “It’s no longer about effort or perfection, it’s about ease and confidence. Letting go of all the ‘extras’ has given me my time, energy and a sense of authenticity I didn’t have before.”

For Richards, the most liberating part of getting older is that she feels prettier now at 50 than she ever did when her beauty routine was lengthy. “There’s something really powerful about no longer feeling like you have to do anything to be enough.”

Sheree Edwards, after (left) and before (right).

Courtesy of Sheree Edwards

Sheree Edwards, after (left) and before (right).

Lengthy Salon Appointments

Sheree Edwards, 56, is currently battling cancer and has shifted her perspective on beauty and the routines she keeps. “I’ve found myself moving away from some of the more time-intensive or ‘extra’ rituals that I used to prioritize,” she said. “I don’t bounce back the way I once did, so spending two-plus hours on manicures and pedicures, or even the physical toll of things like dyeing my hair, just isn’t something I do as often anymore.”

Her approach to makeup has evolved as well: “I used to do a full face every day, but now I focus on simplicity — if I don’t have the time or energy, I make sure I at least have my signature red lipstick on, which still makes me feel like myself. I’ve learned to embrace a little imperfection because, honestly, what’s a few extra hairs here and there?”

Hair Removal

Karine Kazarian, 65, had always done electrolysis for hair removal; however, this is something she’s stopped as she’s gotten older. “My Armenian roots have resisted all kinds of hair removal, so I’ve surrendered and no longer care,” she explained.

She’s also moved away from heavy foundation in favor of tinted serums. In the ’90s, she would go to work with a full face of makeup, but in 2026, she prefers a fresh face with limited products.

“I’ve learned to embrace aging in a way that feels honest to me. I’m not interested in face-lifts or fillers. I believe in taking care of my skin and letting it reflect a life well lived,” Kazarian explained. “Beauty, to me, is about feeling confident in your own skin.”

Roxie Robinson, before (left) and after (right).

Courtesy of Roxie Robinson

Roxie Robinson, before (left) and after (right).

Straightening Hair

Roxie Robinson, 66, no longer straightens or flat-irons her hair daily. “Aside from the damage that comes with constant heat, I’ve really learned to embrace my natural curls,” she said.

“Curly hair definitely comes with its own challenges — mainly finding the right products,” she noted. “I rotate between three different product lines depending on how my hair is behaving, and every couple of months, my stylist helps reset things with deep conditioning treatments, especially when I’m coloring.”

A few years ago, Robinson experienced significant hair loss after surgery, and her hair hasn’t been the same since: “It’s not as thick, and my curl pattern changed — but I’ve found a new appreciation for it. The ease of a wash-and-go routine, the time saved, and just letting my hair be what it is … it’s been freeing.”

Dyeing Hair

As Kim Ressler, 54, has gotten older, she’s learned that letting her gray hair grow out is surprisingly empowering. “For me, it’s less about ‘giving up’ and more about simplifying and embracing what feels natural at this stage. I decided to cut my hair shorter to make the transition easier and more intentional. It takes the pressure off trying to blend everything perfectly and instead makes it feel like a style choice,” she said. “It’s been a shift in how I define beauty for myself. Less about maintenance and more about confidence.”

Pressure From Generations Past

Sandra Davidoff, 71, had a mother who embodied the glamour of the 1950s her entire life. She had her hair done, a full face of makeup, and perfect nails. “It wasn’t vanity. It was discipline. It was who she was,” she explained. “As an only child, I watched, I learned, and I leaned in hard.”

Growing up, Davidoff believed that showing up polished every single day mattered. She knew this required a lot of work and time, but she loved every minute of it. But as she’s gotten older, the routine has scaled back a bit. “The lashes go on. The makeup gets done. But I no longer stress if I skip a day,” she said. “Less is more now. Not because I’ve let go of myself, but because I’ve grown into myself.”

And she’s proud of the natural aging on her skin because it shows just how much she has lived, which is a liberating realization that’s only grown: “Yes, I have wrinkles. I’ve lived. I’ve laughed. I’ve loved. I’ve stressed, survived, and laughed again. Every line on my face tells a story. And I love that.”

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‘Old Person Smell’ Is Real — See Which Common Skin Care Ingredients Can Combat It

Recent HuffPost reporting revealed that readers are interested in addressing a lesser-discussed phenomenon that happens to our bodies as Father Time ticks on: “old person smell.”

Also called nonenal odors, experts have previously told us that this type of smell is different from regular BO and tends to have a mild to moderate organic or musty smell that varies from person to person.

“It typically develops as we age through the breakdown of fatty acids in skin lipids, and its production increases in both men and women starting around age 40,” said Los Angeles-based board-certified dermatologist, Dr. Maryam Safaee.

Nonenal emissions can be significantly reduced by using soaps and other skin care topicals that contain tannins (though large randomized trials are lacking to fully prove this, according to previous guidance from experts).

″[Tannins] neutralize the odor molecule after it’s already formed, block the skin process that creates it in the first place, reduce the oily secretions that fuel it, and kill the bacteria that make it worse,” Safaee said.

According to our experts and other reputable sources, tannins and tannic acid can be derived from a few different ingredients, such as willow bark, witch hazel, green tea extract, and, the one we’re most familiar with, persimmon. In fact, we’ve been documenting the popularity of one highly rated Japanese persimmon soap that claims to be formulated just for this purpose.

According to Safaee, the back of the neck is a particularly high-output area for nonenal odors due to its concentration of skin glands, so she suggests taking extra care to apply and use your desired product in that area.

You can learn more about this bar soap below, as well as other tannin-containing body and skin care products recommended by Safaee and our ingredient list-scouring team.

The experts consulted for this story do not necessarily endorse the products ahead unless otherwise noted.

Amazon

The famous Japanese persimmon soap, formulated to combat nonenal odors

Of course, we have to start with the soap that has been at the forefront of our nonenal odor coverage. The formula features a dense concentration of persimmon extract with more deodorizing tannins than competitors, as well as green tea extract, which is rich in antioxidants (declining skin antioxidants is one of the causes of “old person smell”). Reviewers claim that the soap’s odor elimination lasts for days, and you can use the bar on areas where nonenal odors are strongest, like the back of the neck and behind the ears.

Amazon

An alcohol-free witch hazel toner

According to Safaee, witch hazel is one of the most popular forms of tannins and although there are a lot of toner options out there featuring this ingredient, this classic witch hazel astringent by Thayers is her favorite.

“Usually, most toners are made with alcohol, which can be very dehydrating to the skin. However, Thayers has the water-based witch hazel toner, which makes it gentle enough to be used daily,” she said.

Available in scented or unscented versions, this hydrating and irritation-free formula is also affordable enough to apply liberally not just to the face, but to key areas of the body that produce nonenal odors like the back of the neck, armpits, groin and feet.

Amazon

A purifying willow bark and witch hazel toner

We’re also choosing to feature this toner, based on Safaee’s endorsement of witch hazel and the knowledge that willow bark is a rich source of tannins. The Andalou Naturals purifying toner has a pH-balanced and calming formula featuring both of the above-mentioned ingredients, as well as a fruit stem cell complex and probiotics to promote a healthy and properly functioning skin barrier.

Sephora

A body cleanser with green tea extract

Safaee mentioned green tea as another tannin-containing ingredient useful to combat nonenal odors, so we selected Youth to the People’s Superfood body cleanser, a nourishing and gently purifying formula containing both green tea and kale extracts — both of which are rich in antioxidants. Featuring notes of fresh greens, black pepper and cedarwood, the Superfood body wash also contains niacinamide, another beloved antioxidant that can hydrate and even skin tone.

Amazon

A Korean cleansing balm with persimmon

“It’s rather rare to find a toner or cleanser with persimmon extract, but the Then I Met You Living Cleansing Balm has one of the highest sources of [it],” Safaee said. It’s not just persimmon extract that makes this sorbet-soft balm a concentrated source of tannins, but also a dose of grapeseed oils.

And in case you’re not familiar, cleansing balms are an effective and expert-recommended way to melt away sunscreen, stubborn makeup, oil and other impurities from the skin before using a traditional cleanser in your nightly skin care routine.

Amazon

A tannic acid serum for visibly fading age spots

“A key point to keep in mind is that serum-based products are often more effective than wash-off options, as the serum remains on the skin to work for several hours,” Safaee said. She recommended the Alphascinence Tannic [CF] serum, which she said “stands out.”

This antioxidant-rich serum, containing 10% l-ascorbic acid (a more stabilized form of vitamin C), can help dramatically reduce melasma, sun spots, hyperpigmentation and brighten skin overall, while also preventing further skin aging by fending off environmental stressors.

Revolve

An anti-aging body cream with tannic acid

We chose to include the Dr. Barbara Sturm Anti-Aging body cream for its inclusion of tannic acid as well as its potential to prevent the appearance of premature skin aging, particularly loss of firmness and elasticity. The lightwieght and fast-absorbing formula contains Indian almond, hydrating shea butter and purslane extract to help support healthy skin.

PCA Skin

A pigment cleansing bar for uneven skin tone

Another HuffPost editor pick based on Safaee’s guidance is the PCA Skin pigment bar, a corrective cleanser that can be scrubbed across the face, on the back of the neck and behind the ears, and which features both tannic acid and witch hazel in its formula. This purifying cleanser works into a rich lather and aims to reduce irregular skin texture and pigmentation.

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Microplastics Could Be Making Global Warming Worse, Study Says

Microplastics, or tiny fragments of plastics that haven’t completely broken down, are basically everywhere.

They can be found in rubbish, dust, fabrics, cosmetics, cleaning products, rain, seafood, produce, table salt, and more, according to Harvard Magazine. They’re in our bodies, too: microplastics have been discovered in our blood, saliva, liver, kidneys, and even the placenta in pregnant individuals.

Some worry these might hurt our health, though not all experts agree. Either way, though, new research has suggested that sub-5mm pieces could be heating our planet further.

How can microplastics impact global warming?

The study, published in Nature Climate Change, suggested that, on average, microplastics have a warming effect on the environment.

Study author Professor Drew Shindell said we hadn’t known for sure whether microplastics cooled or heated the atmosphere overall. Paler-coloured fragments might scatter and reduce the heating power of the sun, while darker ones could hold onto heat.

So, the researchers used an electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) to see how plastic debris reacted to sunlight and radiation. They found that the size and colour of the plastic mattered, with yellow, black, red, and blue microplastics absorbing light more strongly than lighter colours.

And Shindell said that lighter hues darken into yellows over time, too.

“The key finding is really that the warming strongly outweighs the cooling,” the researcher told Science Direct.

“I think we have a lot of confidence in that because we did all of these measurements in the laboratory of how [microplastics and nanoplastics] interact with sunlight. What we don’t have so much confidence in and what’s still a big uncertainty is exactly how many of these are in the atmosphere.”

How much of a difference was there?

It seemed that the warming effect was about five times greater than the cooling effect in this study.

This impact would still pale in comparison to something like the burning of fossil fuels, Shindell added.

And the researchers said that one of the problems with this study is that we don’t know for sure how many microplastics and nonplastics there are in the Earth’s atmosphere.

But, he said, “it just adds another compelling reason why we should pay more attention to keeping plastic waste out of the environment”.

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Russell T Davies Claims BBC ‘Insists’ His Shows Have Happy Endings

Bafta-winning screenwriter Russell T Davies has said he’s happy to be collaborating with Channel 4 on his latest show Tip Toe, as the broadcaster affords him the opportunity to be more “radical” than its rivals.

Over the years, Russell has jumped around UK broadcasters, from the BBC (as with Doctor Who, A Very English Scandal and Years And Years) to ITV (with whom he collaborated on Nolly).

However, arguably the work he’s best known for – including Queer As Folk, Cucumber and, more recently, It’s A Sin – has been at Channel 4, which is set to broadcast his new drama Tip Toe later this month.

The timely Tip Toe stars Alan Cumming and David Morrissey as two neighbours who have co-existed for decades, but abruptly find themselves at war with one another due to their opposing views in the current political and social climate.

“It’s tough. It’s a hard piece of work,” Russell told Radio 4’s Today earlier this week. “And that’s why I’m really glad to be writing for Channel 4.

“When I write at the BBC, they insist that we give things happy endings in case it drives people away! It’s true!”

Russell continued: “That’s what Channel 4 is for, to sit back and be a bit more radical and more opinionated.”

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Earlier this year, Russell told an audience at the Series Mania event: “I love Years & Years but it was only made on the assistance of the BBC, which kind of meant it had to have a happy ending.

“The world has proved me right [on the need for a sad ending] since, things are just getting worse. I loved that ending but it was a condition that you can’t be that bleak. That condition does not apply to [Tip Toe].”

Tip Toe will premiere on Channel 4 on Sunday 31 May.

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