I’ve been going to the gym for about six months now, and four of those have been spent trying to train my social media algorithms to show me anything other than protein content.
Influencers and fitness fanatics alike seem to be obsessed with the nutrient, which helps to build and repair our cells (including our muscles). They can even help to regulate fluid control and our immune system.
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It’s not that they’re wrong to enthuse about the dietary staple, which has been linked to feelings of satiety and possibly even a speedier metabolism.
It’s just that the information is so conflicting ― should we have protein immediately before or straight after a workout, and how much, and does timing really matter at all?
There is an ideal “protein window”, but it’s likely later than you think
I’ve seen a lot of videos admonishing people for not eating in the optimal “protein window” either before or after their workout, which is usually presented as lasting for about a quarter of an hour.
The ISSN found that a protein intake of 1.4–2g protein/kg body weight a day is enough for most exercising people, and that eating protein in a two-hour window after finishing your workout can help to build your muscle mass.
One exception might be people who do “fasted” exercise, or work out on an empty stomach. They might benefit from eating protein soon after their workout because they haven’t had any for a while, a 2003 study suggests.
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Older people might want to take protein just before bed
We’ve written before at HuffPost UK about how muscle loss ― or sarcopenia ― is associated with ageing and can cause health issues.
To prevent muscle loss, a 2016 paper suggests that taking 40g of protein before bed can be helpful, especially following exercise.
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That’s because the nutrient becomes more available to our bodies as we sleep.
Another 2011 paper found that older men who consumed protein before bed retained more muscles than those who ate a placebo, regardless of activity level.
When you’re a kid there are lots of things you believe that aren’t necessarily true.
Most of the time this is down to what your parents have told you (like the police will tell you pull you over if you don’t turn the light off in the back of the car), but other times it’s just what you’ve made up in your head – and nobody has questioned it, so it’s taken as gospel.
In an amusing thread posted on Mumsnet, user @Carryonrunning asked the masses: “What do you remember from your childhood that you now realise you really misunderstood?”
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Cue, a hilarious thread of eyebrow-raising confessions… (If you’re a parent reading this, it’s a useful reminder that kids take things very literally.)
I thought you got given an actual sack when you lose your job
“My dad came home from work one day with a hessian sack he’d acquired from somewhere. He then told my mum, ‘I’ve been given the sack’. It took me years to realise that a) he was joking and b) you don’t get given an actual sack when you lose your job.”
– BlossomCat
I thought you became an adult at 100 years old
“As a young child I thought you became an adult at 100 years old. Imagine my shock when someone at primary school told me it was just 18. I had a full on existential crisis when I realised most people don’t even live to 100!”
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– Flustration
I thought you were meant to drive with one wheel either side of the central road line
“My family didn’t have a car, so my main experience of driving when I was really young was my grandad. He only drove us occasionally and from these rare experiences I worked out that the white line in the road was a guideline to keep you straight – a wheel each side of it. When I got to about 8 I began to wonder how cars going in opposite directions could both straddle the centre line without crashing. As I got older I realised my grandad was a really bad driver.”
I thought ‘cash back’ was free money
“In the shop when my mum and dad answered that they didn’t want cash back I always wondered why they turned down free money.”
– EdithGrantham
I thought it was the last day of the world
“I remember leaving primary school one day and I heard the teacher say to a friend’s Mum, ‘It’s the last day tomorrow.’ I must have been about five. I actually thought she meant that it was the last day of the world. I remember laying in bed that evening and worrying and worrying… In the end I went downstairs, crying to my Mum and asked her if it really was the last day of the world the next day.
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“To my amazement, she looked at the calendar. I remember thinking, surely the people who make the calendars wouldn’t know when the last day is?! In reality she was just checking that it definitely was the last day of term. She hugged me and explained that the next day was just the last day of term, not Armageddon!”
– Feelinghurt2
I thought my mum’s heart would miss a beat and she would die
“I heard my mum talking on the way home from picking me up at school, to some of her mum friends. She said something like ‘my heart missed a beat’ and from that moment on for YEARS I was afraid that hearts could do this. I worried that my mum’s heart would miss more beats and she would die, or that my heart might miss a beat and something bad would happen. I’d lie in bed listening to my heartbeat and wondering if I’d notice if it missed one…”
– Vroomfondleswaistcoat
I thought giving the middle finger meant ‘up and over’
“I remember my dad giving the 1 finger salute when driving and me asking my mum what that meant. With a rather frosty look at my dad she said it meant up and over. I then got confused as to why I got into trouble doing it.”
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I thought the olden days were actually black and white
“I thought that the ‘olden days’ really were black and white and there really was no colour – just like the photographs. I thought that at least they had grey and different tones of black and white.”
– Whatthechicken
I thought To Let signs meant public toilet
“I used to think that when you saw a ‘To let’ sign on a building, it was a polite way of saying there’s a public toilet in there.”
I only recently realised that you’re not actually meant to “scrub” your teeth with an electric toothbrush ― instead, we’re meant to glide the head gently over each tooth, neither moving it up or down nor side to side.
Health information site Healthline agrees, adding that electric toothbrush heads might need to be changed as often as every 12 weeks ― especially if you apply a lot of pressure to your toothbrush.
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By that stage, they say, the bristles may have started to warp, mesh or mat.
That’s an issue because, according to toothbrush manufacturer Philips, “brush head bristles are designed to reach between your teeth, and pressing too hard actually mashes them, rendering them incapable of doing their intended job”.
A 2012 study found that bristle flaring ― that spread-out look your brush gets after a while, especially if you brush hard ― results in less effective brushing, leaving way more bacteria and plaque behind than a fresh brush would.
No matter how long it’s been since you last changed your toothbrush or brush head, the NHS recommends changing it as soon as you notice any wear.
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Should I change my toothbrush after being sick?
Healthline says that ideally, yes ― especially if you’ve had a disease like strep throat or viral infections that affect your throat and mouth.
But they add that trying to “sanitise” your brush, for example by dipping it in mouthwash or very hot water, can actually spreads more germs than it kills off.
For everyday use, simply running tap water over your brush when it’s done is the best method, they add.
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Well, at least I’ve got one single dental hygiene rule right…
But rest assured, sun-seekers; there are no signs an outright “tourism ban” is set to come into place in Spain, or even in Costa Del Sol.
The region, which includes cities like Marbella and Torremolinos, has introduced a three-year ban on the registration of any new holiday rentals in 43 areas.
Alicante and Madrid introduced similar laws last year.
Here’s what the new legislations actually mean for Brits:
Yes, you can still book a holiday
The new ban prevents new holiday rentals from being registered. It doesn’t get rid of existing holiday accommodation, except for some holiday flats that were registered after February 22.
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Those will have to give up their licences if their access and resources aren’t separate to those of the other residents.
Many Airbnbs, hotels, and other tourist accommodation will remain as-is.
Málaga’s ban is expected to extend past the three-year proposal it’s currently based on. It’s part of a larger plan to lower disruptive noise in the city.
In parts of Costa Del Sol, tourist accommodation makes up 8% of the rental market.
Cities like Seville may follow suit, the Mirror reports.
Are there any other changes to visiting Spain?
Yes. Those hoping to buy a house in Spain from outside of the EU, including the UK, will soon have to pay a 100% property tax if they’re non-residents (ie if you live in Spain less than 183 days a year).
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This is yet another measure to try to address Spain’s mounting housing crisis, the country’s leader says.
Meanwhile sleeping, camping, or swimming at Benidorm’s beaches between 00:00 am and 7 am will be met with fines of up to €1,200 this year.
Fires and BBQs are banned; smoking and drinking on the beach, as well as peeing in the sea and bringing your dog to a non-pet-friendly beach will also result in fines.
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You’ll also need to provide more info than most Brits are used to giving (including home addresses) when booking cars or hiring a hotel. This will apply to locals, too.
Several years ago, my dad was diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis. The news was a shock. At 84 years old, Daddy had been dedicated to his physical health for decades. He played tennis twice a week, ate my mother’s low-fat meals, and spent lots of time outdoors on their organic vegetable farm.
But the diagnosis did explain the symptoms he’d been experiencing. He got out of breath more quickly. He had a cough that wouldn’t go away. And he’d lost so much weight, none of his old clothes fit — likely, the doctors said, because taking in less oxygen limited his exertion, thus lessening his appetite.
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Pulmonary fibrosis is considered a progressive, terminal disease; there is no cure for the irreversible scarring of the lungs that occurs. But my dad told me not to dwell on that — and not, under any circumstances, to google it. All that mattered, he said, was that it wasn’t cancer.
“Maybe I will reverse it,” he mused, “and demonstrate that it’s reversible after all!”
He approached his diagnosis with his trademark jovial attitude, and I didn’t doubt the sincerity of his optimism, but I had a hard time feeling it myself. The pandemic had been raging for two years, and I couldn’t help but think my dad was one COVID infection away from life-threatening complications. I also found his new physical limitations hard to watch — the way he stopped to catch his breath, panting, after walking down the stairs; the rope from his tool shed now threaded through his belt loops to hold up his pants.
To slow the progression of the disease, the doctors issued a list of suggested life modifications, and my dad hated all of them. Stop mowing the hay fields? Stop heating the house with the wood stove? These activities had likely contributed to his lung scarring, doctors said, but they were also some of my dad’s greatest joys.
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At first, he rebelled. He bought an air purifier to offset the wood stove’s impacts. He took to riding the tractor with a mask in his pocket, which he could pull out if anyone asked (none of us ever saw him wearing it).
Courtesy of Sara Heise Graybeal
The author’s father making hay on his North Carolina farm in May 2024.
Eventually, my mom used a study linking wood stove use to lung cancer in women to persuade my dad to give up this one earthly pleasure for her sake. After that, he proved slightly more open to change.
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When his doctor mentioned that alcohol often worsened a secondary medical condition he was dealing with, Daddy surprised everyone by quitting immediately. The bottle of bourbon I’d already chosen for his birthday sat on my shelf untouched.
My dad’s lifestyle choices were trending in the right direction, but there was still one big problem: his weight.
Daddy had once been 6 feet tall and 155 pounds. Now at 5 foot 8 and just 123 pounds, he weighed less than anyone else in the family. At lunch, he ate peanut butter smeared on a single slice of bread and claimed to be full. Mom pressed him to take second helpings at dinner, but she had increasing difficulty finding food he liked.
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For the last four decades, my mother had sold organic fruits and vegetables at a local farmer’s market and assembled them into fresh meals for her family. She taught my brother and me to eschew fast food, reject sodas and always opt for low-fat milk and ice cream. When we played away soccer games in high school, our parents came to watch but refused to eat at the Arby’s or KFC or Golden Corral that everyone else headed to after the game.
“It’s too depressing in there,” they told us.
If Mom was our health food leader, Daddy was her willing right-hand man. But along with the other changes his body had undergone, his taste buds also seemed to weaken around the time of his diagnosis. He no longer enjoyed salads and rice and beans the way he used to. He cared more about color and texture now, Mom noted irritably. He refused leftovers because, once in their Tupperware containers, they no longer seemed visually appealing.
With her own health issues to worry about — including high cholesterol and a predisposition for diabetes — Mom kept cooking the same plant-based meals she always had, and continued trying to convince Daddy to eat larger portions of them. But he remained stubborn, and the risk his low weight presented felt increasingly dire.
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Courtesy of Sara Heise Graybeal
The author’s mother and father in Pittsboro, North Carolina.
I was torn over this food dilemma. On one hand, my dad was far too skinny, and everyone agreed this was now the most urgent medical issue to address. On the other hand, was it my mom’s responsibility to fix it?
I started cooking beef stews and chicken casseroles on the weekend and driving them down to my parents’ farm. This way, my mom could keep eating her vegetables, and my dad could load up on fat and protein. However, this fix was unsustainable — as a working mom of a toddler, my schedule was far from predictable. Any bump in the road meant it could be several weeks before I had time to take my dad more meals.
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The solution came so quietly and unexpectedly that, at first, we missed it. One day at lunchtime, my dad was driving home from playing tennis with some friends and felt an unusual sensation — hunger. A McDonald’s just north of our town had opened up several years before, but no one in our family had ever stopped there. Now, as he saw the restaurant’s giant yellow M glinting in the sun ahead of him, Daddy felt a strangely powerful urge to stop. He pulled in, parked his car, and did something he’d never done before: ordered Chicken McNuggets and fries.
Daddy drove home slowly, his meal open in the passenger seat, savoring the extravagant taste of this new food.
“Ready for lunch?” Mom asked when he arrived.
“I picked something up on the way,” Daddy told her, and, imagining his typical granola bar or pack of peanut butter crackers, she sighed.
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Two days later, Daddy did it again. Sitting at McDonald’s, sunlight spilling in through the window, he worked through McNuggets, French fries and the New York Times headlines on his phone. Despite his tennis loss that morning, he came home cheerful. Mom couldn’t figure it out.
A few days after that, Daddy decided that the only thing that could make McDonald’s taste even better was to eat it in his favorite chair at the head of the dining room table. So he ordered his meal to go, brought the bag home, and unveiled his McNuggets and fries in front of my mom, who was crunching her salad. She was predictably disgusted. But as the salty grease flooded his mouth, he found he didn’t really care.
Daddy’s juicy story made its way around the family. After 37 years of eating chickpeas, kale and tofu, he had found his way to McDonald’s. Tickled, I took my son to the drive-thru to see what all the fuss was about. We got enough takeout for all of us and unloaded it onto my parents’ dining room table.
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Mom, tight-lipped, tipped leftover quinoa into a bowl. Daddy, delighted, accepted his large carton of fries.
I watched Mom’s face as we chowed down in front of her. I knew how difficult this might be for her. She had laboured so diligently to feed us well for so many years, and now we seemed to be throwing her hard work back in her face.
But I also saw a softening — a brightening. She didn’t have to make dinner that night, and after so many evenings in the kitchen, that was a blessing.
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Courtesy of Sara Heise Graybeal
The author’s father enjoying his birthday cake in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in September 2023.
The bigger blessing came at my dad’s next doctor’s appointment, where he learned he’d gained 10 pounds. “You’re on the right track!” his doctor cheered.
“But here’s the thing,” said Mom. “Does it matter how he’s gaining the weight?”
Daddy grimaced at her.
“To be frank,” the doctor replied, “the man’s 87. He could be eating chocolate bars all day and I’d be OK with it. Whatever he’s doing, he needs to stay the course.”
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If there’s one thing Mom respects, it’s a doctor’s orders. So Daddy kept going to McDonald’s. Mom kept making her salads. And while his battle with pulmonary fibrosis continued, I slowly stopped worrying that a common cold would knock Daddy sideways. The day he unstrung the rope from his belt loops — and his pants didn’t fall — we all cheered.
My son and I aren’t McDonald’s converts. Unlike Daddy, we don’t go two or three times a week. But once my son got a taste of the PlayPlace, I knew we’d be back at least occasionally. I have to admit, their Big Breakfast tastes surprisingly good on a Sunday morning, and a mouthful of hot fries after a soccer defeat does lift our spirits somehow.
I’d never say that fast food is the cure for all — or most — of life’s problems, or even that it makes a great choice for a meal. Few medical professionals would prescribe a bag of grease and salt as a solution to anything. But watching the joy those McNuggets and fries brought my dad — not to mention the weight they’ve helped him gain and maintain — made me rethink what I consider absolutes in my own life.
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Maybe there are times to ease up and experience something new. Maybe an answer to our prayers can come from the most unexpected place. It might not be a Big Mac that’s going to change my — or your — life, but maybe it’s something else we’ve never tried. Maybe joy is waiting down the road, just beyond that offramp we’ve never taken. Maybe we should try it sometime.
Sara Heise Graybeal is a writer and journalist with an MFA in fiction from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her writing has appeared in The Rumpus, Hobart Pulp, Beloit Fiction Journal, Colorado Review, TODAY, Business Insider, and elsewhere. Sara lives in Greensboro, North Carolina, with her 7-year-old son. Connect with her on Substack @saragraybeal or Instagram @sarageeeeee.
On those ridiculously early mornings when I leave the house and it’s still dark and positively baltic outside, my nose decides it is faster than the wind, it is a long-distance runner, it is… Paula Radcliffe.
Some people get a runny nose, mine is more like a tsunami. All this liquid comes from nowhere and I end up rushing to meet my train with a tissue wedged firmly under my leaking nostrils.
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The issue is so bad that even when I’m at home, and it’s a bit cold because the heating hasn’t yet kicked in, I start sniffing and my other half gives me ‘the look’ and then remarks: “Have you got another cold?!”
But The thing is, dear reader, I do not have another cold. My nose just hates the cold.
So why does this happen?
It’s all to do with our nasal lining becoming royally miffed by the change in temperature.
As Dr Deborah S. Clements, of Northwestern Medical Group, explains: “When we breathe in, our noses warm the air and add moisture to it as it travels down into our lungs.
“Cold, dry air irritates your nasal lining, and as a result, your nasal glands produce excess mucus to keep the lining moist.
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“That can cause those big, heavy drops that drip from your nostrils.”
While it’s pretty annoying, there is a very useful reason why our bodies want to warm up the air, according to Verywell Health.
This snot protects the mucous membranes in your nose and also the bronchioles (air sacs) in your lungs from any damage caused by the cold air.
What can you do about it?
Wearing a scarf over your nose and mouth in cold weather can help, because the air warms up before it hits your sensitive nasal passages.
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If you’re indoors and find your nose is running a lot, a humidifier might also help to keep your nose from drying out.
But ultimately it’s probably best to make sure you’re stocked up on tissues throughout winter.
I’ll say it: The power TikTok has on my nighttime routine is unmatched. After I’ve popped a melatonin, brushed my teeth and settled under the covers, I’m heading to the app for funny videos and relatable content.
As with anything, though, too much of a good thing is… well, not a good thing. At what point can endless scrolling be unhelpful, or even harmful? At what point can TikTok use point toward addiction, affect work and relationships, and even cause a sour mood?
Ahead, therapists and counsellors who specialise in addiction share a major sign you’re addicted to TikTok, why TikTok is so addicting and what to do if your usage causes problems.
The Main Sign You’re Addicted To TikTok
Addiction experts agree that one sign stands out: Your use of the app takes over your life.
“The biggest red flag is when TikTok starts to interfere with daily responsibilities or relationships,” said Michael Villarreal, the CEO of Tres Vistas Recovery, an addiction treatment centre in California. “If someone finds themselves skipping work tasks, ignoring family or friends, or struggling to keep up with school or chores because they’re too wrapped up in endless scrolling, that’s a strong sign that their usage has become very unhealthy.”
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That comes down to one thing. “As with any addiction, the main indicator of a problem is lack of control,” said Beth Chippendale Katona, a licensed clinical professional counsellor and a licensed clinical addiction counsellor with Thriveworks in Kansas City, Missouri. “The individual experiences consequences and is not able to curb the behaviour.”
It’s important to note that people experiencing addiction may feel like they’re in control, but that’s not necessarily the case.
If all of that sounds a little too familiar, you’re far from the only one. Villarreal shared an example from his practice. “I once worked with a client who realised her sleep patterns were entirely off because she’d get caught up in the ‘just one more video’ loop until 3 a.m.,” he recalled.
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Other Signs You’re Addicted To TikTok
Addiction and unhealthy usage can present themselves in other noteworthy ways, too. Providers urge people to look out for the following signs.
You’re constantly thinking about the app.
Whether you’re taking a break at work, going to the bathroom or fighting the need to get out of bed, an urge to watch TikTok may arise — and that’s not necessarily a great thing.
“If TikTok is the first thing you think about in the morning and the last thing before bed, or if you’re constantly replaying videos in your head during other activities, that’s a sign your brain is hyper-focused on it,” Villarreal said.
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You feel emotionally dependent on it.
Feeling anxious, bored or irritable without TikTok, or relying on it for validation, are other signs of dependency, according to Villarreal.
Claire Wilson, a therapist with Kelley Counselling & Wellness, also pointed this out. “There can be abrupt shifts in mood when access to TikTok is restricted,” she said. “One may notice a tendency to frequently incorporate TikTok into discussions with others, leading to comparisons with individuals featured on the platform, which can adversely impact one’s mood and mental well-being.”
You experience physical pain.
Yep, spending too much time on TikTok can even cause physical problems, unfortunately.
“Spending hours glued to your phone can lead to physical issues like eye strain, headaches or neck pain — what some jokingly call ’tech neck,’” Villarreal said.
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AleksandarNakic via Getty Images
There are a few red flags suggesting your social media usage might be going too far.
When Is TikTok Use Unhealthy Versus A Full-Blown Addiction?
Loving TikTok isn’t necessarily an addiction, so at what point is it?
According to Wilson, it’s when “dependency may distort one’s understanding of reality, resulting in a loss of personal identity, alterations in personality, decreased self-esteem and even suicidal thoughts.”
Katona summarised her take with three key words: level of impact. When your work, school, relationships and goals suffer greatly because of TikTok, she said, you may be looking at an addiction.
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“In essence, an unhealthy relationship is problematic but can usually be addressed with intentional changes, while addiction is more compulsive and often requires outside help or intervention,” she explained.
Why Scrolling On TikTok Is So Addicting
So why is it so dang easy to get lost in the sauce of TikTok? How are silly videos so engaging that they can cause real damage?
“TikTok is brilliantly designed to keep you hooked,” Villarreal said. “It’s like a slot machine: You don’t know what’s coming next, but you’re sure it’ll be entertaining, so you keep scrolling.”
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Besides the way it provides endless entertainment and excitement, TikTok’s formulation is also strategic. Katona spoke to the algorithm tailoring content for you, the stress relief it provides and how it can help you feel connected to others in a more comfortable, easy way.
Wilson added that the dopamine high is “similar to a high one can get from a drug” and can even “lead to withdrawal symptoms and the onset of addiction, escalating to more serious forms of dependency.”
What To Do If You Want To Scroll Less On Social Media
“Comprehending the functionality of TikTok and its impact on users is essential,” Wilson said. “Acknowledging a potential addiction to TikTok is a crucial first step.”
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The same holds true for other social media apps. Consider the following expert-backed tips:
Set limits.
Since the “just one more video” mindset can be a slippery slope (been there, done that), try to set specific, firm boundaries around how much time you want to spend on the app. For example, maybe an hour spread out over the day, or only when you’re in line at the store.
Certain tools can make this easier. Villarreal mentioned TikTok’s built-in screen time settings, which Apple phones typically have, too.
Create no-phone zones.
Villarreal suggested dedicating certain spaces — like your bedroom or the dinner table — as tech-free areas. “This helps you reconnect with life outside the screen,” he said.
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Find new habits or hobbies.
What else do you like to do in your downtime? That may be an easier, more enjoyable way to replace screen time.
Examples of activities Villarreal mentioned include reading, walking and other hobbies. Maybe it’s time to finally meet that reading goal or even bring back the hot girl walk.
Get curious.
Feel a compulsion to get on the app? Ask yourself why.
“Are you bored, stressed or avoiding something?” Villarreal asked. “Address the root feeling instead of escaping into the app.”
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For example, maybe you’re trying to avoid an uncomfortable feeling that’s better addressed, at least long-term, in therapy. Or maybe you’re bored and realise pursuing another weeknight activity would fulfil you more.
Seek support.
You’re not alone in this journey. Besides having settings and goals to help keep you accountable, you can also talk to someone.
“If you’re struggling to cut back, talk to someone, maybe a trusted friend, therapist or support group,” Villarreal said. “There’s no shame in reaching out for help.”
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Looking for a therapist who specialises in addiction or practices cognitive behavioral therapy may be especially fruitful. CBT is a type of therapy that looks at a person’s thoughts and how they affect mood and behaviour.
“This method aids in restructuring cognitive patterns and unlearning detrimental habits, while also equipping individuals with coping strategies and alternatives,” Wilson explained.
Group therapy may also be advantageous, she added. For example, users may benefit from a Media Addicts Anonymous group, which is similar to the more commonly known Alcoholics Anonymous.
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TL;DR? “It’s normal to enjoy social media, but the distinction lies in impact,” Villarreal said. “Unhealthy use becomes a full-blown addiction when it starts significantly disrupting someone’s mental, emotional or physical health.”
At that point or earlier, these suggestions may be needed for truly happier living.
While wildfires are ravaging L.A and right-wing internet personalities are making terrifying waves, it may feel like optimism is the most impossible emotion to find in these times.
However, optimism and hope are forces for good, and it turns out, can actually benefit both your physical and mental health, too.
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Speaking to Futurity, lawyer Scott L Rogers says: “Optimism shapes how individuals interpret situations, often reducing their perceived stressfulness.
“Moreover, when faced with a stressful situation, optimism can help navigate it more effectively, leading to better outcomes that enhance emotional well-being.”
He adds: “Research suggests that approaching life’s events with a more optimistic outlook can enhance physical health, partly due to the release of hormones and neurotransmitters that improve mood and provide protective effects on the body.
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“Additionally, positive emotions associated with optimism may boost the immune system, making the body more resistant to infections, reducing the risk of chronic diseases, and offering protection against anxiety and depression.”
So, how do we become more optimistic?
Dr Ricardo Twumasi, lecturer in organisational psychiatry and psychology at King’s College London spoke with The i Paper about optimism and said: “I would generally define optimism as, in a situation where a positive and negative outcome are both likely, to expect the favourable outcome. There’s still a groundedness and rationality to it. You can be optimistic but pragmatic.”
So, optimism is less blind faith and more believing that the good thing that’s posisble to happen, will happen. If it’s just as likely as the bad possibility, where’s the harm in looking on the bright side?
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He recommends setting small, practical goals for yourself and acknowledging when you’ve achieved them.
He said: “Changing to the point that you think about life in a more positive way is a big change, but it happens behaviourally on a really small level, and all those small behaviours build up into the way we interact with the world.”
But those two days can seem like a lifetime when you’re firmly glued to the loo.
Why do some people get norovirus worse than others?
If you’re sat there smugly thinking you haven’t been bitten by the noro-bug this year, there might be a reason why.
According to Professor Patricia Foster, an expert in biology at Indiana University Bloomington, your blood type as well as whether you make a certain antigen in your body, could influence your vulnerability to the winter illness.
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She explained that people with the B blood type tend to be more resistant to the bug, while those with A, AB and O blood types are more likely to become ill.
And here’s where things get a little complicated.
Prof Foster previously explained that a person’s blood type – whether A, B, AB or O – is “dictated by genes that determine which kinds of molecules, called oligosaccharides, are found on the surface of your red blood cells”.
These oligosaccharides are made up of sugars that are linked together. They attach to red blood cells – a bit like little koala bears – and can also be found in the cells that line your small intestine.
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Now norovirus and some other viruses love these oligosaccharides because they can easily attach to them and then infect you via the intestine (cue: lovely gastro symptoms).
And a lot of norovirus strains need one oligosaccharide in particular, known as the H1-antigen, to hop on board.
And for a similar reason, those with the B blood type tend to be more resistant because, as the BBC reported, fewer strains of norovirus have evolved to attach to their oligosaccharides.
There’s something about dreams that feels more true and real than a daytime fantasy, isn’t there?
Maybe it’s got to do with the fact that you have no control over what you think ― and, because you’re asleep, no other stimuli to focus on when they’re happening.
All of which is to say: while I feel I shouldn’t be much affected by my dreams, I’ve been known to glare at my partner after they sinned in my slumbering mind or get emotional after seeing someone in my sleep.
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In an effort to find out why I’m so bothered by my brain’s own handiwork, I thought I’d reach out to the experts to ask what it means when you dream about someone.
HuffPost UK spoke to therapist Melissa Giuttari, who’s trained in Jungian dream analysis, psychologist Dr Leah Kaylor, and licenced sexologist Sofie Roos about the topic.
So… what does it mean?
Dr Kaylor told HuffPost UK that dreams often happen during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep, which she says is when “the brain processes emotions helping you work through the experiences of the day.”
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So, she argues, “Dreaming about someone may reflect that your brain is processing your emotions and interactions with them.” It may also have to do with the feeling you associate with that person, or what they stand for, she adds.
Guittari seems to agree, saying: “From a Jungian dream analysis perspective, we typically look at the people that show up in our dreams as symbols of different parts of ourselves (versus a literal representation of the dream character).”
She says that when someone in her practice keeps seeing someone in their dreams, she asks them to describe that person in three adjectives.
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“This begins our investigation into the unconscious meanings of the dream persona,” she explains.
For Roos, though, the nighttime appearances might be due to suppressed feelings.
“Seeing someone in your dreams often means that you think about them without really paying attention to how often you do it, or that you try to push the thoughts of them away even though they’re still there and that therefore needs to be processed in your dreams,” she suggested.
The sexologist says it can be “a common indicator that you’re actually really into them, even though you many times don’t want to admit it for your awake self.”
Does dreaming about someone mean anything about my relationship with them?
According to all three experts, the resounding answer is an absolute “maybe.”
Dr Kaylor commented: “Dreams have the potential to act like a mirror, reflecting your subconscious thoughts about the person or your relationship, even if you’re not fully aware of them.”
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But she continued, “It may also be less about the person and more about your emotional connection—your brain uses dreams to work through feelings or situations involving them.”
Guittari, meanwhile, sees nighttime cameos as a way to “uncover latent desires, wish fulfilment, or repressed fears, anxieties or conflicts of the dreamer’s psyche” ― a “way of the unconscious trying to bring messages and awareness to the conscious self.”
Roos, on the other hand, says “there’s often no better matchmaker than your [unsoncious] self when letting everything come to you without prejudice or filters.”
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If you’re “often seeing the very same person in your dreams, especially in romantic or sexual contexts,” there may be more to the connection, the sexologist suggests.
Still, Dr Kaylor says you should see dreams, including those about people you know as more of an ”‘emotional detox’ that leaves you mentally refreshed and ready to face new challenges” than as revelatory truth-tellers.
So if you’re worried about how you saw someone in your sleep, don’t be ― though they “serve an important purpose,” dreams have more to do with processing your emotions and “helping you make sense of your daily experiences” than they do setting you up with your soulmate, she says.