8 Foods Experts Stock In Their Cupboards For Cold And Flu Season

Fall is in the air, and so are an increased number of viral pathogens.

Flu activity usually begins to pick up its pace in October, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and many of us will have already experienced the first trace of a sore throat or stuffy nose that heralds the beginning of the cold and flu season well before then. Clearly, now is the time to start building your defences. A healthy immune system depends on a lot, including quality sleep, solid hygiene, stress management and, not least of all, a well-balanced diet.

Up to 80% of the body’s immune cells are found in the gut, and experts increasingly understand that what you eat affects the unique mix of friendly bacteria in the GI tract known as the microbiome, which influences overall immunity.

“The immune system is a complex network of organs, tissues and cells,” said Dr. Carlos Zambrano, a board-certified infectious disease physician and the head of the COVID-19 task force at Loretto Hospital in Chicago. “Clinical deficiencies of [some key] nutrients can weaken immunity and increase susceptibility to infections.”

Nearly half of American adults fail to meet the most basic dietary guidelines. “So even a little boost can help,” said registered dietician Toby Amidor. While she cautions that there is no “magic bullet” food or drink that will “boost your immune system through the roof,” the following are foods that nutrition and infectious disease experts keep stocked in their own pantries. Find out why and what to add to your grocery shopping list.

Garlic

This bulb has both anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties.

“It works to upregulate certain chemicals in the immune system responsible for fighting viruses and bacteria and also targets inflammatory cells,” said Dr. Tania Elliott, a spokesperson for the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology.

While heat can destroy some of those benefits, researchers at Penn State University found that crushing or chopping the cloves activates their main bioactive compound. So, if you want the benefits without the bite of raw garlic, chop it and let it sit for 10-15 minutes before cooking.

Chilli peppers

While people default to citrus as a source of vitamin C, green or red chilies (serrano, jalapeño, poblano) have nearly as much of this potent antioxidant, which has antiviral properties and may stimulate antibody production, which may help fight off bacterial infections when you have the flu, according to Dr. John La Puma, author of ChefMD’s “Big Book of Culinary Medicine.”

“You should have vitamin C-containing foods twice daily so you can fully absorb it,” he said. As a bonus, Elliott said that spicy foods contain capsaicin, a compound that can thin out mucous, making it less habitable for inflammation-causing viruses and bacteria.

“Ginger contains gingerol, compounds that act as anti-inflammatories,” Amidor said.

by Elena Veselova via Getty Images

“Ginger contains gingerol, compounds that act as anti-inflammatories,” Amidor said.

Ginger

Like garlic, this root has antiviral and antibacterial properties and may be especially good at warding off or soothing a sore throat. One in vitro study found that a ginger solution was effective against three pathogens that commonly cause throat infections, and another found a ginger solution comparable to antibiotics in treating the bacteria that cause strep throat.

“Ginger contains gingerols, compounds that act as anti-inflammatories,” Amidor said. Studies have tested ginger extract in amounts from 20g/100mL to 100g/100mL and indicate more is better, so grate or slice some fresh ginger into soups, smoothies, broths or tea for the benefits.

Sunflower seeds

Amidor likes to keep these on hand for snacking because they are a potent source of vitamin E and several minerals related to immunity. Not having adequate vitamin E is associated with reduced activity of white blood cells, which normally keep invading viruses from spreading, Zambrano noted. Sunflower seeds also contain magnesium, and skimping on that mineral is associated with decreased immune cell activity, increased oxidative stress and increased inflammation, according to recent research.

Canned salmon or other fish

Most people struggle to get enough vitamin D, particularly in the colder months. “In winter, too little vitamin D is made in your skin because the angle of the sun is too low,” La Puma said.

Harvard researchers found that people with low levels of this nutrient were about 40% more likely to have had a recent respiratory infection compared with individuals who had plenty of vitamin D. This may be because vitamin D triggers the production of antimicrobial compounds that can help neutralise the activity of infectious agents, including the influenza virus.

Salmon is one of the best sources of this nutrient, with one 3.5-ounce serving to deliver two-thirds of your daily value of D per USDA data, and shelf-stable cans or pouches make adding some to a salad or spreading on crackers easy.

Raw Manuka honey

Zambrano’s sweetener of choice is a specific kind of honey produced by bees in New Zealand. Manuka honey has antibacterial properties and contains a natural compound that can help with cough as well or better than over-the-counter cold medicines, according to research.

Sea salt

Too much salt in your diet can get a bad rap, but Elliott likes to have coarse sea salt on hand to soothe a sore throat. “Gargling with warm salt water when you are sick, especially sea salt, can have an anti-inflammatory effect,” she said. “It works by helping to wash away viruses, bacteria, allergens and mucus in your throat. The rougher the salt, the better.”

One study found that participants who gargled with sea salt reduced the duration of their colds by an average of nearly two days, reduced their use of over-the-counter cold medicine by more than one-third, and were less contagious to members of their household.

Tea

“Hydration is such an important part of supporting your immune system,” said Glassman, “and people often aren’t drinking as much as they do in the summer.” Her solution is to stock up on tea. She especially likes turmeric tea, which contains the compound curcumin, an anti-inflammatory.

One study found that consuming curcumin for 12 weeks reduced the time healthy Japanese adults experienced cold symptoms. La Puma likes green tea, which he says has been shown to lower the viral protein production of cells infected with the influenza virus. He explained, “Catechins in green tea change the physical properties of the viral membrane and block a protein, called hemagglutinin, from the flu virus so the virus cannot be absorbed into your cells.”

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Mary Berry’s Failsafe Recipe For The Best Paris-Brest

You may have seen bakers struggle to make the dreamy Paris-Brest dessert featured on this Tuesday’s Great British Bake-Off.

But if you’re anything like me, a delusional part of your brain probably also went: “That looks nice, I could do that.”

Well, if you want to attempt the precarious pastry, it turns out that none other than GBBO’s former judge Mary Berry has a timeless recipe.

Sharing her know-how on BBC’s site, the Cordon Bleu-trained chef said: “These decadent pastries filled with praline and cream are like giant profiteroles, perfect for sharing.”

How does Mary make ’em?

She says you’ll need”a food processor, a piping bag, a star nozzle and a silicone mat” to perfect her recipe, which offers two Paris-Brests (a pair if you will).

She preheats her oven to 220C/200C, lines a baking sheet with baking paper, and draws four 10cm-ish circles on it before flouring the parchment.

Then, she makes choux pastry by putting milk, salt, sugar, butter, and water into a pan, removing from the heat once it starts bubbling, and ― frankly ― beating the bejesus out of it “until it forms a dough that leaves the side of the pan clean.”

Then she places the mix back into the pan and heats it for five minutes or so.

Once cooled slightly, she beats eggs into the dough “until the dough is smooth and glossy,” and then place it in a piping bag.

She pipes four thick rings into the circles she drew earlier, then tops them with egg wash and almonds.

These should be baked for 10-15 minutes at full temp, and then a further 10 minutes at 180C/160C Fan/Gas 4; dry them out in an opened oven for three minutes afterwards.

Then, Mary makes a praline by spreading hazelnut-filled caramel onto a silicone mat, leaving it to cool, and whizzing it in a blender.

She also makes vanilla whipped cream for the filling.

“Sprinkle half the praline onto the bottom halves of the choux rings, then pipe a generous amount of cream over the praline. Sprinkle the remaining praline over the cream and place the pastry lids on top. Dust with icing sugar and serve,” Mary says.

Why is it called a Paris-Brest to begin with?

Per The New York Times, it was created by pastry chef Louis Durand.

It was named after a bike race that runs between Paris and Brest, a port city; it was even designed to look like a bike.

The New York Times advises making your praline first, in direct contradiction with Mary Berry’s advice (should we make them cycle a race to determine the winner?).

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Mary Berry’s Unexpected Secret To The Best Marmalade Cake

I don’t know about you, but the upcoming release of a new Paddington movie (Paddington In Peru, out November 8) has gotten marmalade on my mind.

So who else to turn to for a perfect marmalade cake recipe than Mary Berry, who’s penned the perfect orange jam-based traybake recipe?

The former Great British Bake-Off judge shared the cake in her book Mary’s Baking Bible, which home bakers like Mel and Alex of Tale of 2 Kitchens tried and loved.

Surprisingly, though, she has some counterintuitive advice to prevent the cake from “buckling,” or sinking in the middle.

Which is?

You shouldn’t put too much marmalade in your marmalade cake, the Cordon Bleu-trained chef revealed.

Baking site Cakes By MK explains that “When it comes to baking, balancing your ingredients is key.

“If you have too much liquid or too much fat in your cake batter, this can result in a cake with a weak structure which can cause it to sink in the middle.”

The starches and binders in the cake can’t do their strengthening job if their path is interrupted by too much liquid.

This, along with a too-small cake tin, opening the oven door too soon, under- or over-mixing your cake batter, or having an oven that’s too cold can also contribute to the sinking, the baking pro adds.

How does Mary make her marmalade cake?

She begins by lining a baking tray with parchment and preheating her oven to 180°C.

Then she whisks all of the ingredients ― sugar, flour, marmalade, butter, sultanas, baking powder, cherries, eggs and milk ― into a bowl and chucks the lot in the oven for 40-45 minutes.

Pretty simple, right? And if the reviews are to be believed, it’s delicious too ― “A lovely, soft and fluffy traybake, this is more like a sponge cake in a tray than the usual slice,” A Tale Of 2 Kitchens writes.

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Rivals Is Just As Sexy As It Is Smart On Class And Gender

On its surface, Disney Plus’ new eight-part series “Rivals” is a salacious “bonkbuster” about the feud between two exorbitantly privileged (and horny) British men living in the exclusive British Cotswolds in the 1980s. Set among rolling green hills and wildflower-filled forests that are part of large country estates, it is, as one character quips in the show’s opening minutes, the “prettiest prison I ever saw.”

While “prison” is probably too strong of a word to describe the privileged lives of England’s posh upper crust, it does capture the lack of agency the women in this world feel. The story, an adaptation of Jilly Cooper’s bestselling 1988 novel of the same name, sets itself up to tell the story of Lord Tony Baddingham (David Tennant), who is fighting to renew the contract for his commercial U.K. television network, Corinium, and getting periodically sidetracked by his hatred for former Olympic showjumping champion turned Tory Cabinet minister of sport and womanizing rake Rupert Campbell-Black (Alex Hassell). However, it’s really a show about how women struggle to find power within this world of powerful men.

And sex. The show has so much sex that it makes “Bridgerton” seem practically puritanical. It claims its “bonkbuster” title in its opening seconds as the frame fills with a woman grabbing a man’s bare butt before her hands (and the camera) slide up his back to reveal the always charismatic and tragically handsome Rupert shagging a gossip columnist in the bathroom of an airplane that is about to “go supersonic.”

From the first episode’s memorable moment involving naked tennis (and a full frontal) to almost every scene being about an extramarital affair or conversation about sleeping with someone, the show is both scandalous and entertaining, just like Cooper’s source material.

However, viewers shouldn’t let the titillating trappings of the show deceive them into thinking that’s all there is to the story. While “Rivals” is about people who are “hungry for sex,” it’s more than its most salacious moments. Cooper’s raunchy novels are also known for her wry social commentary, and this adaptation maintains that lens.

“Underneath the fun and the froth and the silliness, there’s a very sharp social satire on British class,” showrunner Dominic Treadwell-Collins told The New York Times. He believes this makes the show relevant. “Everyone in Britain is still obsessed with class,” he said. “And the Americans are obsessed with our obsession with class.”

Personally, I’m obsessed with the way the show weaves together class, gender and race. The tension between the three begins to build when BBC’s star TV journalist, Declan O’Hara (Aidan Turner), accepts Tony’s offer to move to the Cotswolds and take a prime-time slot interviewing people live on Corinium.

Victoria Smurfit stars as Maud O'Hara in the eight-part series "Rivals," based on the novel by Dame Jilly Cooper.
Victoria Smurfit stars as Maud O’Hara in the eight-part series “Rivals,” based on the novel by Dame Jilly Cooper.

Robert Viglasky/Disney

Declan accepts the offer because he sees financial gain and creative freedom. But, like everything in life and in “Rivals,” the reality is far more complicated, and Declan and his family’s move to the Cotswolds immediately shakes things up. His career decision has forced his wife, Maud (Victoria Smurfit), and daughters to relocate, and Taggie (Bella MacLean), his 20-year-old daughter, quickly attracts the interest of middle-aged Rupert, whom her still-married mother is also trying to seduce (as is seemingly every other woman).

The complications grow as the narrative explores equally compelling stories about other members of Britain’s upper echelon. Lizzie Vereker (Katherine Parkinson) is a romance writer working on a new steamy novel to escape her loveless marriage to vapid Corinium TV host James Vereker (Oliver Chris) while finding herself drawn to also-married businessman Freddie Jones (Danny Dyer).

There’s a tense workplace affair between Tony and Cameron Cook (Nafessa Williams), the Black American TV producer he brought in to elevate Corinium’s vision and helm Declan’s new show. Outside of these two characters, the world continues to expand, adding layers of complexity with affairs between other neighbors, coworkers, teenage children and enemies.

It would be easy for a show with so many subplots to lose the main story thread, but this is not the case in “Rivals.” Instead, each character and their every interaction adds layers of meaning and complexity to the world.

This achievement is a testament to the careful crafting of a show that could be all too easily dismissed as a “guilty pleasure.” From quippy, dry-humored dialogue to the meaningful facial expressions the camera focuses on in a scene, every part of the show feels intentional and purposeful. This is especially true during sex scenes that use nudity to reveal more about the men than the women — both literally and emotionally.

Overall, I was repeatedly impressed at the way “Rivals” creates a female lens into a male-driven world. From this angle, the men and their political ambitions and machinations look increasingly ridiculous. What grounds this silly, privileged world is the women and the way that they carve out space for themselves when they are supposed to be loyal wives, mothers, daughters and employees.

As Taggie tells Rupert at one point, “Well, maybe I’m fed up with sitting around waiting for my life to happen.” Like Taggie, all the women become increasingly fed up with the men in their lives. As the series progresses, it explores the small ways that they seek autonomy within a society and time period that tries to limit their agency. The particular gender roles they inhabit and the blatant sexism they experience are both specific to the 1980s and also timeless.

What’s most impressive is that the show accomplishes this feat in a fun, frothy way that is a treat to watch. By the end of the final episode, the only complaint I had was that I wanted more.

“Rivals” is the second of the 11 novels in Cooper’s “Rutshire Chronicles” series, so there’s plenty of source material for the series to build upon if it is renewed for a second season. And, based on the multiple cliffhangers at the end, it should be.

“Rivals” is available to stream on Disney+.

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How Brits Are ‘Bracing Themselves’ For The Budget As Rachel Reeves Looks To Raise £40 Billion

It is not an overstatement to say that this week’s Budget is likely to be the most consequential event of this parliament.

Every decision the government makes between now and the next general election, for good or ill, will be influenced in some way by what Rachel Reeves announces at lunchtime on Wednesday. No pressure then, chancellor.

This is what we know so far. The Budget – called ‘Fixing The Foundations To Deliver Change’ – seeks to raise £40 billion, the vast majority of it through tax rises plus some spending cuts, including £3 billion from the welfare bill.

With Labour having promised not to increase taxes on “working people” before the election, income tax, VAT and the employees’ rate of National Insurance are all off-limits.

That means Reeves has her eyes on inheritance tax, capital gains tax, pension allowances and – most controversially – the employers’ rate of NI to help her balance the books.

A Treasury source told HuffPost UK: “We are dealing with the £22 billion hole in the public finances left by the Tories, and it’s worth stressing that is this year, next year, the year after that and the year after that. It’s a huge problem and we’ve got to address it.

“What we are doing is resetting the public finances and putting them on a firmer footing.

“We’re also acutely aware that we were elected on a platform of change. People voted to change things and for things to get a little bit better. So there will be more money for the NHS to cut waiting lists and more money for long-term investments like building schools, roads and other infrastructure.”

To that end, the chancellor announced on Thursday that she is changing the way the government measures debt, thereby allowing her to borrow an extra £50bn while still sticking to her pledge to bring overall debt down.

That money will be ploughed into public services which, Reeves claims, the Tories were planning to starve of the funds they need.

However, a poll carried out by Savanta and seen by HuffPost UK will make for worrying reading for the chancellor as she puts the finishing touches to her Budget speech in No.11 this weekend.

It shows that 48% of voters believe she should prioritise cutting taxes, compared to 43% who would rather see more money for public services.

However, more than half (55%) say it is more important for the government to invest in public services, with 32% saying it should be cut.

Meanwhile, just 20% of people believe the Budget will have a positive impact, with older people particularly gloomy about what it will mean for them – a result, most likely, of the row over the means testing of the winter fuel allowance.

A total of 80% of of over-55s think it will have a negative impact on their finances, compared to just 6% who believe it will be positive.

Those aged between 18 and 34 are more optimistic, however, with 40% thinking the Budget will be positive for them, with 28% taking the opposite view.

Even Labour supporters appear to be dreading Wednesday, with 41% of those who voted for the party in July believing it will be negative for them, compared to 33% who think it will be positive.

Emma Levin, associate director at Savanta, said: “Significant swathes of the electorate are bracing themselves for Labour’s first budget in 15 years.

“In particular older people appear nervous, amid rumours of many wealth taxes rises, compared to a relatively sanguine younger population.

“Concerningly for Rachel Reeves, even Labour voters think the Budget is going to have a negative impact on their lives. This may be exactly the mood music Labour HQ is going for ahead of a ‘painful budget’, but it’s clear the public want investment in public services as a priority.”

Nevertheless, allies of the chancellor remain confident that the measures announced in the Budget will eventually pay off both economically and politically.

One said: “It will be an honest Budget. Rachel will be very clear that we’re not going to be able to fix 14 years of failure in one Budget.

“This is a 10-year project. She’s having to make difficult decisions now to deliver long-term growth and prosperity.”

With the new Tory leader being announced just three days later, senior Labour figures also see the Budget as effectively the start of the next general election campaign.

“It will set out the clear divide for the whole parliament,” one Treasury source told HuffPost UK.

“Do we either do nothing, stick with the status quo, continue with more austerity, more cuts and more decline, or do we change and do things differently, asking those with the broadest shoulders to pay a bit more tax and start investing in long-term projects?

“This is where it will start to get difficult for the Tories.”

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The 1 Daytime Sign You Need To See A Doctor About Your Sleep

If you struggle to get, or stay, asleep, you might wonder what’s “normal” and what’s genuinely worth worrying about.

The NHS says “A few sleepless nights are usually nothing to worry about, but it can become an issue if a lack of sleep starts to affect your daily life.”

But where exactly is that line meant to be drawn?

Well, according to healthcare provider Mayo Clinic, noticing one dangerous tendency during the day (rather than at night) can be a giveaway.

Which is?

If you’re finding yourself nodding off during important moments of your day, it’s possible you have a sleep disorder, Mayo Clinic says.

“Being very sleepy during the daytime” is a common sign, they write.

“You may fall asleep at times that aren’t typical, such as while driving or while working at your desk.”

The NHS adds that you may also have longer-term sleep issues if you:

  • find it difficult to fall asleep
  • lie awake for long periods at night
  • wake up several times during the night
  • wake up early and be unable to get back to sleep
  • feel down or have a lower mood
  • have difficulty concentrating
  • be more irritable than usual.

“Longer-term sleep problems can affect our relationships and social life, and leave us feeling tired all the time, eating more and not able to do daily tasks,” they add.

What are some common sleep disorders?

Insomnia, sleep apnoea (where you stop breathing for short periods of time throughout the night), restless leg syndrome, night terrors, sleepwalking, and even snoring can all disrupt a good night’s sleep.

“Anyone can have an occasional poor night’s sleep,” the Mayo Clinic says.

“But talk with your doctor or other healthcare professional if you regularly have trouble getting enough sleep, if you don’t feel rested when you wake up or if you feel overly sleepy during the day.”

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Rachel Reeves Gives Herself Billions To Spend By Changing The Government’s Debt Rules

Rachel Reeves has unveiled plans to spend billions of pounds on the UK’s infrastructure after changing the way the government measures debt.

In a major shift in policy ahead of next week’s Budget, the chancellor said the move would allow her to “begin to fix the NHS and start to rebuild our economy”.

She also confirmed that taxes will go up to fund the government’s day-to-day spending commitments – and that areas like the welfare budget will face cuts.

Labour’s election manifesto promised that debt would be falling as a share of the economy at the end of five years.

By changing the way that government debt is measured, Reeves hopes to release an extra £50 billion to spend on long-term projects.

The chancellor said: “My fiscal rules will do two things. The first and most important: my stability rule will mean that day-to-day spending will be matched by revenues.

“Given the state of the public finances and the need to invest in our public services, this rule will bite hardest.

“Alongside tough decisions on spending and welfare, that means taxes will need to rise to ensure this rule is met. I will always protect working people when I make these choices, while taking a balanced approach.”

She added: “My second fiscal rule, the investment rule, will get debt falling as a proportion of our economy.

“That will make space for increased investment in the fabric of our economy, and ensure we don’t see the falls in public sector investment that were planned under the last government.”

Reeves also told ITV News: “Our second rule, our investment rule, will change the way in which we measure government debt so we take into account our assets, not just the costs of investment.”

But Jeremy Hunt said civil servants had warned him against such a move when he was chancellor because of the risks it posed to economic stability.

He said: “The consistent advice I received from Treasury officials was always that increasing borrowing meant interest rates would be higher for longer – and punish families with mortgages.

“What’s even more remarkable is that the chancellor hasn’t seen fit to announce this major change to the fiscal rules to parliament. The markets are watching.”

A Labour spokesperson said: “Labour will not take any lectures from the Tories on how to run the economy. It was Liz Truss and the Conservatives that crashed the economy, which sent mortgages soaring and left the British people worse off.

“Jeremy Hunt and the Tories should be apologising to country for the economic mess they left – with a £22 billion blackhole in the public finances and public services on their knees.”

“Labour’s Budget will fix the foundations of our economy and deliver the change people voted for.”

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Putin Finally Addresses Reports He Had ‘Multiple’ Phone Calls With Trump After He Left The White House

Vladimir Putin has finally responded to the international claims he spoke to Donald Trump on multiple occasions after the latter left the Oval Office.

Journalist Bob Woodward claimed in his new book War that, according to a former White House aide, “there have been multiple phone calls between Trump and Putin, maybe as many as seven in the period since Trump left the White House in 2021”.

Trump’s campaign said the claims were completely fabricated. His spokesperson replied: “None of these made up stories by Bob Woodward are true and are the work of a truly demented and deranged man who suffers from a debilitating case of Trump Derangement Syndrome.”

Putin has just replied to Woodward’s claim, which were first reported on October 8, today.

Responding to a reporter’s question at the BRICS conference in Kazan, the Russian president said: “It’s nonsense.”

He continued: “But when Trump says that he wants to put an end to the war in Ukraine, I think that he is sincere.”

The former US president has sparked concerns among Western officials over his stance towards the conflict.

He has repeatedly said he wants the war to end but has refused to say who he wants to win, suggesting he may force Ukraine to cede land to Moscow.

Putin did use the press conference to confirm that he is in contact with the North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, over potentially deploying troops to fight alongside Russia.

Alluding to his defence pact with Pyongyang, he said: “We ratified the treaty on strategic partnership which contains Article 4 and we have never shied away from the fact that North Korea is serious about its commitment to us.

“It’s up to us how we implement Article 4. We are in contact with our North Korean partners.”

According to The Telegraph, he also chuckled when asked about troops already being deployed to fight in Russia, before adding: “The satellite images you spoke of, this is a serious allegation.

“It means that something is happening, but let me tell you one thing, it wasn’t the actions of Russia that led to the escalation in Ukraine.”

It’s widely believed that Moscow invaded Ukraine and tried to seize Kyiv in 2022 in a land grab, although Putin blames NATO’s eastward expansion.

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‘Nothing Says Over 50’ Like Following This 1 Grammar Rule, Experts Say

Some lament the ‘LOL’ or deride the ‘delulu,’ but I’m not one of them.

I grew up with smartphones and think that, just as the invention of the printing press gave us words like “clique” and “uppercase,” Internet lingo adds something interesting to our vocabulary.

But of course, the web giveth and the web taketh away; some conventions, like the proper letter formatting we learned in school and cursive handwriting, have fallen a little by the wayside.

Whether or not that matters at all is a question of opinion. The same goes for another grammar rule I had no idea hundreds of years of writing brought in, and the computer took out ― double spacing after a full stop.

Why did it change?

According to Thesaurus.com, even the style guide APA, who they call a “staunch defender” of double spaces in general, changed their view on the post-full-stop spacing style in 2019.

“In 2020, Microsoft also struck a major blow to all the double-spacers out there when it officially categorized a double space after a period as a writing mistake in their popular Microsoft Word program,” they add.

Though some attribute the standardisation of double spaces after full stops to typewriters, Thesaurus points out that Bibles dating as far back as 1611 followed the rule.

Both printing presses and typewriters faced a similar problem: typesetting the end of a sentence so that it didn’t crowd out the following one was tricky.

That’s because, former copy editor for the New England Journal of Medicine Jennifer Gonzalez (who “learned to type in 1987 on an IBM Selectric typewriter”) says on her site The Cult Of Pedagogy, “every character was given the exact same amount of space on the page.

“That meant the letter i was given the same amount of space as the letter m, even though it clearly didn’t need it.”

New computer keyboards have something called proportionally spaced fonts, which consider the size of the character when compiling them ― spelling the end of the double space after a full stop.

It’s proved a generational gap

On her site, Gonzalez says “Nothing says over 40 like two spaces after a [full stop].”

Of course, that was written in 2014 ― it’s 50 now, by that logic.

But she adds that it was drilled into some generations’ heads for so long that it can be a very hard habit to let go of ― “We got our papers marked wrong if we didn’t. It takes a long time to unlearn that,” she wrote.

Her copy editing job, which she started in 1999, helped her adapt to the new way, she adds.

Still, it was enough of a common style choice in 2011 to incense a Slate writer, who wrote, “What galls me about two-spacers isn’t just their numbers. It’s their certainty that they’re right.”

For what it’s worth, Thesaurus.com says: “According to every major style guide you’ll find, the rule is a single space after a [full stop] or any other punctuation mark you use to end a sentence.”

“Studies have shown that, beginning with millennials, younger generations widely prefer the single space after a [full stop],” they added. Boomers and Gen X, however, tend to use a double space.

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‘Nobody In America Gives A S**t’: Trump Slammed Over Labour ‘Election Interference’ Claim

Donald Trump’s claim that Labour is guilty of “blatant foreign interference” in the presidential election has been virtually ignored in America, it has emerged.

One senior US-based journalist claimed “nobody gives a shit” about the complaint his campaign team lodged on Tuesday night.

In it, they accused Labour of recruiting activists to send across the Atlantic to campaign for Trump’s Democrat rival, Kamala Harris.

The Republican nominee’s team also pointed out that Keir Starmer’s chief of staff, Morgan McSweeney, and his director of communications, Matthew Doyle, “attended a convention in Chicago and met with Ms Harris’s campaign team”.

The complaint to the US Federal Election Commission stems from a now-deleted LinkedIn post by Labour’s head of operations Sofia Patel, which claimed almost 100 current and former party officials were heading to campaign for the Democrats in battleground states.

Speaking to reporters on his way to the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHoGM) in Samoa, the prime minister insisted the row would not derail the UK’s relationship with the White House if Trump becomes president again.

He said: “I spent time in New York with President Trump, had dinner with him and my purpose in doing that was to make sure that between the two of us, we established a good relationship, which we did, and we’re grateful for him for making the time.

“We had a good, constructive discussion, and, of course as prime minster of the United Kingdom I will work with whoever the American people return as their president in their elections which are very close now.”

Starmer also insisted that UK political activists travelling to America to campaign in presidential elections is nothing new.

He added: ”“Of course as prime minister of the United Kingdom, I will work with whoever the American people return as their president in the elections that are very close now.”

Daniel Knowles, Midwest correspondent at the highly-respected Economist magazine, insisted the story had barely registered in the US.

Writing on Bluesky, he said: “Sorry but nobody in America gives a shit about a few Labour activists door-knocking or whatever. The Trump complaint is entirely cynical, and one of dozens of random speculative press releases I was sent yesterday. I’m not surprised British media is as ever just fucking delighted for a local angle.

“The story here isn’t ‘is door knocking actually an illegal contribution’ etc. The legitimate UK angle to cover is, ‘Donald Trump will pick massive fights with the British government over nothing if it wins him a nice headline’. Which we know, from his conduct in office.”

Sorry but nobody in America gives a shit about a few Labour activists door-knocking or whatever. The Trump complaint is entirely cynical, and one of dozens of random speculative press releases I was sent yesterday. I’m not surprised British media is as ever just fucking delighted for a local angle

— Daniel Knowles (@dlknowles.bsky.social) October 23, 2024 at 12:17 PM

Shadow Scottish secretary John Lamont described the controversy as “a diplomatic car crash by this Labour government”.

He said: “There’s now somebody who could potentially be the next president of the United States who’s lodged an official complaint with the American authorities about the Labour party, the Labour government, and their involvement in their election.

“If Donald Trump were to win for the election in a few weeks, how on earth is the prime minister, Sir Keir Starmer, going to rebuild that relationship with one of the most important countries in the world, not least from a diplomatic perspective, but also from a trading perspective?”

A Labour Party spokesperson said: “It is common practice for campaigners of all political persuasions from around the world to volunteer in US elections.

“Where Labour activists take part, they do so at their own expense, in accordance with the laws and rules.”

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