The 70-20-10 Rule Can Help With Christmas Overwhelm

Whether you love or loathe Christmas, it’s hard to deny just how stressful the season can be. Gathering gifts, decorating, reconnecting with family members and if you’re hosting Christmas Dinner… SO much prepping.

Even with all the best intentions, this stress can really take a toll and prevent you from enjoying the holidays which feels like it defeats the entire point.

Thankfully, one psychologist, Nathan D Iverson PhD has found a way to apply the leadership value of 70-20-10 to holiday stress and you know what? It just might be the solution we’ve been looking for.

The 70-20-10 rule for Christmas stress

70% – ‘hard moments we didn’t choose’

We are ALL familiar with them. An established couple being asked when they’re planning to have a child, a flustered family member trying to please everybody or even just falling back into family dynamics you thought you left behind in childhood.

Petty sibling arguments, anyone?

Iverson says: “For most of my life, and still right now, I’ve experienced these moments as obstacles to a peaceful season. But lately, I’m trying—imperfectly—to see them as part of my growth instead of proof of my shortcomings.

Psychologists call this a learning orientation—seeing challenges as opportunities to grow rather than threats to avoid. It doesn’t make the moment easier. But it does change how we make meaning of it.”

It sounds like it makes perfect sense but I reckon it’ll take some practice to get used to.

20% – ‘The people who help us make sense of things’

A sneaky heart-to-heart with your favourite auntie or words of wisdom from your mum, these quiet corners of conversation can help us to make sense of our own feelings, according to Iverson.

Iverson says: “Often, they help us laugh a little at ourselves—which is a form of grace we don’t give enough credit.

“I rely on these conversations far more than I admit. They turn holiday tension into insight. Without them, the moment just stays a moment. With them, the moment becomes meaningful.”

10% – ‘The tools we bring with us’

Finally, this is a little work you must do yourself. Learn how to control your stress, your big feelings and how to empathise with even your most frustrating family members.

Iverson assures: “These tools rarely show up perfectly in the moment. But afterward, they help us reflect with less shame and more clarity.

“Knowledge alone doesn’t change us—but it supports the slow work that does.”

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Why You Sometimes Feel Sad After Sex, Even When It’s Good Sex

When he was in his early 20s, Los Angeles-based writer Brandon G. Alexander often felt an inexplicable sadness after sex, even when it was “good” sex with people he liked.

“The best way to describe the feeling is empty or sometimes shame, depending on my relationship and intention with the person,” the 30-year-old founder of the men’s lifestyle site New Age Gents told HuffPost.

“Our culture teaches men how to be physically connected to someone, but we ignore the truth that sex is highly emotional and spiritual. The idea that a man wouldn’t feel something before, during or after sex is unrealistic, but most have become so conditioned to think otherwise.”

What Alexander experienced years ago is what researchers call “post-coital dysphoria.” PCD, as they refer to it, is a condition marked by feelings of agitation, melancholy, anxiety or sadness after intercourse, even when it’s good, consensual sex. The condition can last between five minutes and two hours.

It’s also called “post-coital tristesse,” which literally means “sadness” in French. In the 17th century, philosopher Baruch Spinoza summed it up this way: Once the “enjoyment of sensual pleasure is past, the greatest sadness follows.”

Many studies have examined the first three phases of the human sexual response cycle (excitement, plateau, orgasm), but the resolution phase has often been overlooked.

That’s starting to change, though. In a 2015 study in the Journal of Sexual Medicine, almost half of the women surveyed reported experiencing PCD at some point in their lives, and around 5 percent said they’d felt it regularly within the past month.

A new study from the same researchers published in June suggests that PCD is almost just as prevalent in men: In an online survey of 1,208 male participants, around 40 percent of men said they’d experienced PCD in their lifetime, and 4 percent said it was a regular occurrence.

In excerpts from the survey, men admit to feeling a “strong sense of self-loathing” about themselves post-sex and “a lot of shame.” Others say they’d experienced “crying fits and full on depressive episodes” after sex that sometimes left their significant others worried.

“Men who may suffer from PCD think that they are the only person in the world with this experience, but they should recognize that there’s a diversity of experiences in the resolution phase of sex.”

– Robert Schweitzer, a psychology professor at Queensland University of Technology in Australia.

Despite the number of men who reported experiencing PCD, it’s challenging for researchers to study it because most men are reluctant to talk about it, said Robert Schweitzer, the lead author on both studies and a psychology professor at Queensland University of Technology in Australia.

“Men who may suffer from PCD think that they are the only person in the world with this experience, but they should recognise that there’s a diversity of experiences in the resolution phase of sex,” he told HuffPost.

“As with many diagnoses, it provides some relief to be able to name the phenomenon.” (Schweitzer is still collecting accounts of people with PCD for his ongoing research.)

As to why it’s so common in both men and women, a study of twins suggested that genetics may play some sort of role. PCD is also often linked with sexual abuse, trauma and sexual dysfunction, but that’s certainly not always the case; in this latest study, the majority of the men who reported PCD hadn’t experienced those issues and were in otherwise healthy, satisfying relationships.

More often than not, Schweitzer thinks PCD is a culmination of both physical and psychological factors. Physically, orgasms activate a flood of endorphins and other feel-good hormones, but the neurochemical prolactin follows, resulting in a sometimes intense comedown. Psychologically, the paper establishes a correlation between the frequency of PCD and “high psychological distress” in other aspects of a person’s life.

Sometimes, the psychological factors are compounded by the knowledge that no emotional connection exists with a sexual partner, said Kimberly Resnick Anderson, a Los Angeles-based sex therapist unaffiliated with the study.

“Some of my clients, especially males with sex addictions, report post-coital dysphoria because deep down, they know there is no bond between them and the person they are sleeping with,” she told HuffPost.

Other times, patients worry that their partners just weren’t that into the sex.

“If you believe your partner was just ‘taking one for the team’ and not genuinely interested in sex, it can lead to a sense of shame and guilt,” Resnick Anderson added.

What’s important to remember, she said, is that sex can mean different things at different stages of your life. And as these recent studies show, nuanced, complicated post-coital feelings are completely natural.

“We need to have more conversations about men and intimacy. The more we tell guys it’s OK to feel ― or protect your heart by waiting to sleep with someone sometimes ― the more we’ll change the old ideas around men and sex.”

– Brandon G. Alexander, lifestyle writer

There may be ways to curtail the negative feelings, too: For starters, stick around rather than high-tailing it out the door after a hookup session – or if you’re in a relationship, cuddle instead of heading to the living room to watch Netflix.

A 2012 study on the resolution phase of sex showed that couples who engage in pillow talk, kissing and cuddling after intercourse report greater sexual and relationship satisfaction.

And be honest about your emotions after sex, without assigning blame to yourself or your partner. As the growing research shows, men and women feel a full spectrum of emotions after sex, and that’s perfectly normal.

That’s something that Alexander, the writer who experienced PCD often in his 20s, had to learn on his own as he approached his 30s.

“As a guy, you shouldn’t numb out or try to deal with PCD in silence,” he said. “We need to have more conversations about men and intimacy. The more we tell guys it’s OK to feel – or protect your heart by waiting to sleep with someone sometimes – the more we’ll change the old ideas around men and sex.”

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If You Feel Overwhelmed By The News, You May Be Experiencing This

It’s no understatement to say the past decade and particularly past five years have been rough. A global pandemic in which 7 million people died worldwide, the cost of living crisis, a terrifying rise in far-right politics and a devastating genocide against Palestinian people just to name a few.

Is it any wonder that according to leading mental health charity Mind, around 1 in 3 adults say that their mental health has declined compared to pre-pandemic levels?

Now, researchers from the Boston University have warned that this culmination of devastating news could soon result in a type of trauma that was previously unnamed.

The researchers warn that many of us will be experiencing “vicarious trauma”: distress from secondhand exposure to traumatic events through news, our screens, or from comforting those traumatised by these events.

Vicarious trauma is inevitable, according to the experts

One of the researchers, Laura Captari, a researcher and psychologist said in an interview with Futurity: “It’s not possible to bear witness to suffering, to tragedy, without it kicking up big existential questions, whether we hear about it in the news or we’re watching it on our screens.

″‘Am I safe? Who can I trust?’ What’s particularly challenging in today’s world is that we’re an increasingly polarised and fragmented society, and people engage with social media in all different ways.

“For some people, it can really strengthen their connections, but for other people, it can be pretty isolating.”

Professor Steven Sandage, a researcher and psychology professor adds: “A trauma response is a survival mechanism to turn on hypervigilance and alertness. For any of us that feel under threat and with serious trauma effects, it’s gotten stuck in place as a hypervigilant alarm response.

“We can expect that it’s going to be harder to reset that in environments where there’s lots of polarisation.”

It may affect people differently

Speaking on our exposure to violent imagery on social media, Captari says: “It’s not just about what any of us are exposed to, it’s also about our relationship to what we take in, our ability to make sense of it.

“Does it consume our minds in an obsessive way? People’s social proximity is going to impact their experience of seeing violence through social media.”

He adds that for those directly or indirectly involved, it will be more damaging to their nervous system to see these stories than those who are just spectators. He explains: “If they are part of that community [victimised by the violence] or hold an identity overlapping with the people impacted, that’s going to activate their nervous system.

“So if I identify as queer, and there’s a mass shooting at a queer club, that’s going to hit me differently than the student next to me in class who doesn’t have a queer identity.”

The experts advise using social media more mindfully

While many of us think of social media as escapism or even admit to just doomscrolling, the psychologists recommend a more mindful approach to our scrolling habits.

Captari recommends that when you’re opening social media apps, you ask yourself these questions: “What am I hoping for when I pull up social media? What needs am I trying to meet?

“Is it to connect, to zone out, to amuse myself, to stay up-to-date with what’s happening in the world? How are my mind and body reacting to what I’m seeing?”

He also advises against living online as many of us do, saying, “We also need connection with people in real space and time, connection with nature, movement, for caring for our nervous system.

“We as humans can have morbid curiosity and get stuck in a state of “freeze” when something terrible happens, just watching it on repeat, trying to wrap our heads around it.”

Sandage adds: “Young adults have some of the highest rates of mental health vulnerability, and some of the lowest rates of utilisation of mental health services. This happens in the midst of an awful lot of stress on young people.

“Sometimes young people, I think, feel, ‘I need to face what’s going on in the world,’ which is a courageous commitment to not avoid what’s happening. But if it’s happening in a context of isolation, with few relationships or resources in which to metabolise all that, it’s not a good recipe.”

Take care of yourself.

Help and support:

  • Mind, open Monday to Friday, 9am-6pm on 0300 123 3393.
  • Samaritans offers a listening service which is open 24 hours a day, on 116 123 (UK and ROI – this number is FREE to call and will not appear on your phone bill).
  • CALM (the Campaign Against Living Miserably) offer a helpline open 5pm-midnight, 365 days a year, on 0800 58 58 58, and a webchat service.
  • The Mix is a free support service for people under 25. Call 0808 808 4994 or email help@themix.org.uk
  • Rethink Mental Illness offers practical help through its advice line which can be reached on 0808 801 0525 (Monday to Friday 10am-4pm). More info can be found on rethink.org.
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‘Banksying’ Could Be Why You Never Got Closure From Your Ex

Look, no breakup is easy.

But “Banksying,” a dating trend which Dr Matthew Leahy, psychologist and the Director of Group Programming at Momentous Institute, describes as a kind of “emotional avoidance, spurred on by technology,” can be especially rough.

Speaking to HuffPost UK, Dr Leahy shared that the behaviour can leave people feeling lost and confused.

Here’s what the term means, how to spot it, and why the psychologist thinks it happens.

What is “Banksying”?

Named after the graffiti artist Banksy, whose artworks often pop up out of nowhere, “Banksying” refers to a breakup that leaves one party completely blindsided.

Though the person who breaks up with the other person may have been planning it for months, they can stay loving, attentive, and kind while planning their exit. For the other person, it seems the relationship was fine one day, but over the next.

Dr Leahy told us, “Dating apps have changed the game… our technological lives have created distance in actual human connection. We condition ourselves to view ourselves as more important than others and look at others as pieces in a game.

“We learn socialisation and dating etiquette in different ways now, and it’s become very easy to view others in a less empathetic and sincere way.”

This, he said, can lead us to avoid guilt and confrontation.

“Banksying,” the expert added, becomes a “mechanism to circumvent… having difficult conversations. ‘If I remove myself from someone, I don’t have to face their emotions,’ and ‘out of sight, out of mind’ kicks in.

“A big issue with this is that closure doesn’t occur. And that’s what has changed in the last 20 years. When I ghost, ‘Banksy,’ or vanish, the victim… is left to their own devices and thoughts to manage what happened and find meaning, which is often hard.”

How can I spot “Banksying”?

The point of “Banksying” is that the other person plans their exit without giving you any hints at all, if possible. That can make spotting it difficult.

Still, Dr Leahy said, “Human communication is just as much non-verbal as verbal, and your brain will notice subtle changes in your partner… Maybe they sigh a bit more often when you go in for a hug, or perhaps they’re sitting further away on the couch when you watch a show.”

A very rushed relationship can be a red flag, too, he added. “Often, a quick buildup means someone may try to exit quickly as well.”

Additionally, “Partners who quickly brush aside conflict or avoid discussions when issues arise may also be quick to leave or might already be wandering.”

Examine what happens when you two have disagreements. “Do they shut down until it goes away, or are they willing to face it and work with you?,” the psychologist asked.

“Those who avoid conflict might be showing signs that avoidance is how they handle their relationships, which could mean a fast exit and avoidance of those emotions as well.”

How can I handle a breakup that came out of nowhere?

It’s not an easy situation to be left in – your mind can run wild if you’ve been “Banksied” as you scramble to work out what went wrong and why.

As hard as it may be, though, Dr Leahy said, “Don’t allow your mind to create its own stories. It’s always good to reflect on our own experiences, but don’t let your brain assume that you did something wrong.

“Rely on trusted others, take a breath, and realise that people leave for many reasons.”

The most difficult step, he added, is accepting you may never know what went wrong. He says he spends many sessions working with people to embrace this.

“Brains want clarity with everyone and in every situation, and life doesn’t always work out that way. Learning to sit with uncertainty is a huge skill.”

Lastly, Dr Leahy said it’s important not to let “Banksying” affect your view of dating in the long-term.

“Don’t allow yourself to shut off from future relationships and vulnerability! Don’t let avoidance take hold of you! Get back out there,” he ended.

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This 1 Child Psychology Lesson Will Make You A Better Parent – And Improve Every Relationship You Have

Want to be a better parent, friend or colleague?

There’s a simple lesson from psychologists that you can adopt right now to improve your relationships – no matter the age of the person who is confusing or upsetting you. It’s the difference between assuming the best or the worst in people, also known as the most or least generous interpretations.

“Most of us jump right to an ‘LGI’: the least generous interpretation,” said Becky Kennedy, a clinical psychologist and author of Good Inside: A Guide to Becoming the Parent You Want to Be, who has helped to popularise these terms.

That’s because we likely grew up with people who taught us “to associate bad behaviour with bad intentions or being a bad person,” Kennedy said.

Even trained psychologists like Kennedy deal with this impulse. “When my child snaps or ignores me, my brain automatically goes to: ‘They’re being defiant. They don’t respect me.’”

“I’ve had to train myself to pause and ask: ’What’s the most generous interpretation here? Maybe they’re tired. Maybe they’re overwhelmed. Maybe they don’t yet have the words for what they’re feeling, and so their out-of-control behaviour is the only way to let me know what’s going on.“

It can take some time, but once you learn to make this switch, you might be surprised by how differently you see every toddler tantrum – or miscommunication by a friend or partner.

“That tiny mindshift changes everything,” Kennedy explained. “It doesn’t mean I excuse behaviour. … Ironically, we have to understand a behaviour to help someone change their behaviour.”

Why ‘most generous interpretation’ works so well with adults and kids

Are you practicing an "MGI" or an "LGI"? It can make all the difference.

VioletaStoimenova via Getty Images

Are you practicing an “MGI” or an “LGI”? It can make all the difference.

“MGI isn’t just a parenting trick – it’s a life skill,” Kennedy said, because it forces us to separate who someone is from what they are doing and put their behaviours in perspective. When you use it on kids, you get to be the curious, empathetic adult you want kids to grow up to be.

“Kids learn: People can get it wrong sometimes, and there’s often more going on for someone than meets the eye,” Kennedy said. “Because when you help your kid realise they can be curious about their behaviour instead of meeting it right away with judgment and blame, curiosity is what allows them to reflect and move forward in a productive way – whereas shame and blame keep us frozen and make it very difficult to change.”

And it applies to adults, too. With couples, using a more generous interpretation of someone’s behaviour can help bridge divides after doubts and betrayals.

“When I work with couples in therapy, I will ask clients directly: ‘Do you detect malice in what your partner is saying?’” said Brendan Yukins, a licensed clinical social worker and relational therapist at The Expansive Group. “Often when we directly ask ourselves if we think someone is doing something on purpose, we see that ‘LGI’ is an illusion that our brain is casting to protect us from being harmed again. Realising that someone else is trying their best to love us can lead to deep, meaningful healing.“

And it also makes us see “bad friend behaviour” with more understanding eyes. Kennedy gave the example of a friend being late to meet up with you. In this case, the least generous interpretation is to think, “She doesn’t value my time,” and feel judged and distant as a result.

But what if you took the “most generous interpretation” approach? If instead you think, “‘She might be juggling a lot today,’ you’re more likely to feel connected and understood,” Kennedy said.

Once you embody this mindset, you can help be the change you wish to see in others.

It’s OK to use the ‘least generous interpretation’ sometimes, too

Your least generous interpretation is a neurological connection that gets hardwired every time you think the worst of someone. Yukins said it’s “an expression of our anxiety in trusting others.” That’s why it’s good to challenge these negative beliefs.

“If you are able to disrupt the signal, even a little bit, it gives your brain a fraction of a second to catch itself before going into an anxiety spiral,” he said.

“In my own life, I use ‘abducted by aliens’ when someone’s late for a meeting,” Yukins said. “It takes me out of the drudgery of everyday and introduces a playful element that keeps my brain open to interpretation.”

Of course, sometimes it’s more than OK to stop giving adults the benefit of the doubt, especially when they continually disrespect or mistreat you.

“Cycles of abuse or neglect often feature a hurtful person who insists that others continue to give them MGI even when they deserve LGI,” Yukins said.

He noted that if you suspect someone is purposefully hurting you, this is when it’s all right to set boundaries and reclaim your time: “Maybe leave the last text you sent without a follow-up, or schedule a self-care night if they seem hesitant to put you on their schedule.”

MGI is a muscle you can build every day for your wellbeing

Many kids and adults have good intentions that our brains overlook. Using an MGI mindset helps you learn this for yourself.

“The key is not deceiving your brain into trusting everyone,” Yukins said. “Rather, it’s to use MGI over and over again until you find through your own research that most people have the best intentions.”

It won’t just help with how you view others. It will help you be more gentle and understanding with yourself as well.

“Our natural inclination if our trust has been broken is to assume the worst of others,” Yukins said. But when we keep jumping to the worst conclusion of people’s behaviours, “Eventually, we will begin to distrust our own intentions. This can make the world smaller.”

And the great part of this psychology lesson is how you can start using it right away.

Kennedy equates MGI to a muscle. “We have to work it out and build that muscle in calm moments to have a greater likelihood of being able to flex it in the heat of the moment,” she said.

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If You Were Called ‘Mature For Your Age’ As A Kid, You Need To Read This

Most of us have made a comment at one time or another without thinking much about its impact ― especially when it comes to kids.

Case in point: It’s fairly common for adults to tell well-behaved children they’re “mature for their age.” And while the phrase itself isn’t harmful, the message can sometimes carry a deeper and more complicated meaning, according to therapists.

“I think it is generally intended as a compliment,” said Justin Vafa William, a licensed clinical social worker based in Philadelphia. But “despite that intention, it does have the potential to be damaging.”

For some kids, being told they’re mature for their age ends there. There’s nothing more to it — it doesn’t manifest in distressing ways or follow them into adulthood. But for others, it could signal that something potentially damaging was going on.

Here’s what therapists want you to know if you were told you were mature for your age:

Being ‘mature for your age’ could mean you were parentified.

“I think it can be particularly damaging if viewing this child through the lens of how mature they are contributes to the parentification of the child,” William said.

Parentification is when a child takes on parental responsibility for their parents or siblings, whether physically, emotionally or mentally. This can look like taking on household responsibilities that an adult would typically take care of (like paying bills, making meals or grocery shopping), or caregiving for your parent or younger sibling, according to William.

It could mean you had to grow up quickly.

Being told you’re mature for your age could be a sign that you had to grow up faster than you should have, said Maggie Lancioni, a licensed professional counsellor based in New Jersey.

In other words, “they weren’t mature for their age by choice,” Lancioni said. “They basically had to be in order to survive, in order to have their needs met, in order to take care of themselves and take care of others.”

Think about it: A child who has to take care of their younger siblings isn’t going to be able to stay out late with friends or focus on a hobby.

It could also mean you weren’t fully able to be a kid.

A mature child is often thrust into a very adult role from a young age, which doesn’t allow the kid to be a kid, William said. Maybe you were not allowed to be silly or goofy, or make impulsive or irrational decisions, Lancioni said.

“They’re also just denied that ability to be that carefree child who’s learning and developing and making mistakes and learning from those mistakes,” William said. “There’s this pressure to really have it together all the time.”

This pressure can carry on throughout your life if it goes unchecked, leading you to feel like you always have to be the mature one or the caretaker, he said.

Children who are ‘mature for their age’ are often seen as reliable by adults.

If you had a mature disposition as a child, you likely displayed inner fortitude and strength, and “it’s often a sign of being empathic, being attuned,” William said.

What’s more, adults generally take a liking to these kinds of kids because they’re “more compliant, easier to communicate with and generally more people-pleasing because that’s just how they’ve had to adapt in the world,” Lancioni said.

It’s not fair for an adult to expect a child to be mature, or to lean on a child for their needs. But for better or worse, it’s likely that the grown-ups in your life viewed you as dependable.

It's common for adults who were called "mature for their age" as children to have people-pleasing tendencies, poor boundaries and trouble asking for help.

Hispanolistic via Getty Images

It’s common for adults who were called “mature for their age” as children to have people-pleasing tendencies, poor boundaries and trouble asking for help.

In adulthood, it can lead to people-pleasing, poor boundaries and difficulty asking for help.

The pressure associated with being told you’re mature for your age doesn’t necessarily end in childhood.

“I think that it’s important to note that due to being called mature for your age when you were a child, as an adult you might find it hard to trust others,” Lancioni said. “You might find it hard to ask for help even when you need it. You might minimise and dismiss your own feelings or needs, [you] might have more difficulty setting or establishing boundaries. You might have more experiences with mental health struggles.”

Additionally, you may struggle with anxiety and people-pleasing behaviors, William said.

In adulthood, it’s important that you take care of yourself physically, emotionally, mentally and spiritually. “It’s kind of like giving yourself the love that you didn’t receive when you were a child,” Lancioni said.

Adults who feel they were forced into maturity at a young age should learn how to practice self-care, Lancioni said. “As a child, you most likely weren’t able to focus on that, or allowed to focus on that, because the focus was mostly always on other people for survival.”

You should also focus on “healing your inner child,” a common technique in the therapy world, she added.

“Basically, [healing your inner child is] honouring the playful, spontaneous creative side of your personality that maybe you didn’t get the chance to experience in childhood, or maybe even allowing for rest and relaxation and self-care if your childhood was more chaotic or dysfunctional,” Lancioni said.

“And then obviously, it’s also important to seek therapy if you’re really struggling, especially from a therapist who is trauma-informed and trauma-trained because everyone’s family dynamics and family experience is unique,” she said. “Everyone needs and deserves that individualized care.”

Instead of simply telling a child they’re mature for their age, comment on specific behaviors.

Try to skip this phrase, even if it’s coming from a good place.

“Maturity isn’t necessarily a compliment, because it could… definitely be something deeper,” Lancioni said.

Instead of saying “You’re mature for your age,” gear your statement toward a specific behaviour or action, William and Lancioni both suggested.

“Like, ‘You do such a good job expressing your feelings,’” or “‘Wow, I love how independent you are being, but just remember that you can always ask me for help if you need it,’” Lancioni said. “You can comment on the characteristics of their maturity, but not saying that in terms of ‘You’re acting older than you are and that’s a good thing.’”

This way, you allow children to be children, and you don’t mention their maturity in a way that might make them feel like it’s the most important thing about them.

“The truth is that kids and children shouldn’t have to be mature,” Lancioni said. “They should be able to act and behave however old their age is.”

William noted that it’s important to be aware of how this perceived maturity is affecting your relationship with your child, niece, nephew or whomever.

“Is it therefore causing you to put more responsibility on them than is developmentally appropriate?” William said.

There are ways you can foster your child’s maturity and growth without saddling them with responsibilities that don’t make sense for their age, William said.

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I Had A Secret Teenage Romance. It Wasn’t Until Years Later That I Realised What Really Happened.

“I can’t stop thinking about him,” my client said. “I even daydream about our wedding.”

She stared at me intently from across the coffee table where our two cups of peppermint tea sat untouched. When I didn’t respond, she lowered her voice and said, “I just feel like we’re meant to be together.”

I’d been counselling this client long enough to know the “him” to whom she was referring was not her husband of 15 years. Instead, it was the much younger man she’d met two months prior at a yoga retreat.

“OK,” I said, reaching for my mug. “Let’s try to figure out why this person has such a hold on you.”

My client could have easily spent another hourlong session obsessing over “hot yoga guy” — which she’d done many times before — but I wasn’t going to let her. My job as a therapist was to help bring deeper awareness to her emotional experience and to identify what was simmering just beneath the surface, driving compulsive thoughts and behaviours. In this case — limerence.

Almost everyone, at some point, has experienced a romantic crush. However, unlike a typical crush, limerence is defined by obsessive ruminations, deep infatuation and a strong desire for emotional reciprocation — an unfulfilled longing for a person.

According to Dorothy Tennov, American psychologist and author of “Love and Limerence: The Experience of Being in Love,” limerence “may feel like a very intense form of being in love that may also feel irrational and involuntary.”

Tennov identified the most crucial feature of limerence as “its intrusiveness, its invasion of consciousness against our will.”

Limerence differs from the liminal dating phenomenon known as “situationships,”or “we’re dating but we’re also not quite dating.” While both feed off uncertainty, when someone is experiencing limerence, they often prefer the idea of their limerent object (LO) over being with that person in real life. In fact, they might actually feel something akin to disgust when in the physical presence of their LO. I understand this feeling all too well — my own limerent object held my heart and mind hostage for years.

Levi and I met on the first day of my sophomore year of high school in the mid-’90s. I was wearing baggy denim overalls and combat boots, and my blond hair was long and parted down the middle. I’d just gotten my braces off and my teeth were the straightest they’d ever be. Our relationship unfolded to the soundtrack of Baz Luhrmann’s “Romeo + Juliet” and “August and Everything After” by The Counting Crows. There were knowing looks and homemade mixtapes — filled with Dire Straits, Jewel and Better Than Ezra — passed discreetly in the hallway between classes. We were running through the wet grass, desperately wanting, but never quite having. We never actually dated.

Earlier that summer, my family — minus my father — had moved to Woodstock, Vermont, from Boston. My parents were unhappily married, but instead of divorcing, they decided to lead two separate lives. My mother, a retired school administrator and former nun, moved to rural Vermont, and my dad stayed behind to work at his law firm.

Levi wanted to be my boyfriend. He was unwavering and absolute with his feelings as only a love-struck teenager could be. In response, I held him at arm’s length while dating other people. But late at night, I’d let him sneak into my bedroom on the top floor of my family’s rambling farmhouse and we’d lie tangled up together underneath the shiny soccer medals and enormous round window that hung above my bed. By homeroom the next morning, it was like it never happened.

The author's family home in Woodstock, Vermont.

Courtesy of Anna Sullivan

The author’s family home in Woodstock, Vermont.

Nobody needed to tip-toe around my house. After the move, my mother’s drinking escalated to the point where she often passed out in her bedroom before dinner. My father visited us once or twice a month. He spent the weekend arguing with Mom and left without saying goodbye. On Monday morning, I’d wake to find him gone and a pile of cash on the kitchen counter. By the time I left for college, my sister and I were basically parenting ourselves.

After college I moved to Manhattan. I casually dated — and even had a few serious relationships — but I’d be lying if I said I didn’t think about Levi. I thought about him a lot. Out of nowhere, his image would pop up, haunting my consciousness like a ghost. Memories of us lying in my twin-size bed, bathed in moonlight, played on a loop with Jewel crooning in the background, “dreams last for so long / even after you’re gone.” Eventually, I began to question whether I still had feelings for this person. Was he the one who got away?

The strange thing was every time Levi and I happened to be in the same city at the same time, I avoided seeing him. Something prevented me from exploring an actual relationship with him in real time. A therapist reasoned it was hard for me to let go of his memory because we never had closure, but her take always felt slightly off. My feelings for Levi felt primal — instinctual. Bone deep. Something I couldn’t shake.

In my late 20s — practically estranged from my father by this point — Levi reached out to me. It was a basic missive, but still, reading his name in my inbox sent an electric current up my spine. I felt like I’d been plugged into a wall. I replied and said I was good, even though I wasn’t. I’d just ended a long relationship that I thought was going to end in marriage. I was fleeing to New Mexico to pursue a graduate degree in counselling. My life was poorly packed in 20 boxes, stacked haphazardly in my parents’ garage. “How are you?” I redirected.

Levi invited me to coffee. I lost five pounds before we met at a familiar spot in our hometown the following week. I arrived wheeling a suitcase because I was hopping a flight to Santa Fe later that afternoon. He looked a lot different in person than he did in my imagination — older, his hair thinning.

Seeing him was like a controlled science experiment. He mostly talked about himself, and I felt relieved when it was time to go. Later that afternoon, as I boarded my flight, he emailed me: “If you’re still in town let’s meet for a drink….” His invite gave me goosebumps. I never responded.

Eventually, I finished graduate school and began my career as a counsellor. I met my husband, Alex, in Santa Fe, and we later got married and had two children. The years passed and we built a beautiful life together, though it hasn’t always been easy. Our older son was born with many challenging issues. Shortly after his first birthday, I lost my mother to fast-moving bone cancer. Less than two years later, I was diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent a unilateral mastectomy and adjuvant hormone treatments that pushed me into premature menopause.

Through it all, Alex stuck by me. He held my hand at my oncology appointments. He did the lion’s share of parenting our two toddlers while I recovered from surgery. He rocked me back to sleep when I woke in the night riddled with anxiety about mortality and motherhood, and he made me laugh when all I wanted to do was cry. Sometimes, I look back on those first years of married life and wonder how we ever made it through. But somehow, we did — together.

And yet, every now and then, I thought about Levi. He’d enter my consciousness without warning like a spectral whack-a-mole or a goblin. And then, just as quickly, his image would disappear, leaving me feeling guilty and ashamed. Even though I didn’t feel physically attracted to this person, the thoughts felt like a betrayal to my husband, who I loved. My sweet husband, who nursed me back to health after cancer and snaked the shower drain whenever my hair clogged it. How could I still be thinking of some random person from my past? I was starting to think I needed a seance for my psyche. Instead, I decided to utilise my professional training as a therapist to identify — once and for all — the origin of these adolescent ruminations.

Anna with her mother (1982).

Courtesy of Anna Sullivan

Anna with her mother (1982).

I first learned about attachment theory in graduate school. The theory, originated by British psychiatrist John Bowlby in the 1960s, posits that attachment is formed during the first few years of life and determined by the quality of relationships between children and their primary caregivers. It offers a psychological framework for understanding how early relationships with caregivers impact interpersonal relationships, behaviours and emotional regulation throughout life.

Psychologist Mary Ainsworth later expanded on Bowlby’s work by conducting the “Strange Situation” experiment where babies were left alone for a period of time before being reunited with their mothers. Based on her observations, Ainsworth concluded that there were different types of attachment, including secure, ambivalent-insecure and avoidant-insecure. Later, a fourth type of attachment was added, disorganised attachment, based on research performed by Mary Main and Judith Solomon, two psychologists from the University of California, Berkeley.

During my practicum, I took a quick online assessment and wasn’t at all surprised to learn that I have anxious/insecure attachment — the unfortunate combo of disorganised and fearful-avoidant. Learning about my attachment style was a critical first step toward gaining a deeper understanding of how I operate in relationships. For instance, it made me recognise my tendency to disconnect during difficult emotional experiences. My college boyfriend referred to this behaviour as “going into Anna land,” which looked like avoiding emotionally charged conversations, daydreaming and pulling away.

Over the years, the more I learned about attachment theory, the more I wondered if my anxious attachment and age-old coping mechanisms had something to do with Levi? They both seemed to share deeply entrenched and unconscious patterns of behaviour, and there seemed to be an obvious commonality between the two — fantasy.

When I was young, I adopted various mental and emotional coping mechanisms to help me feel safe. I carried these limerent strategies — detachment, avoidance and fantasy — into adolescence. Back then, I needed to escape the reality of my childhood home — my sad, lonely mother and my emotionally unavailable father. My limerent object became the lightning rod for all my emotions, both good and bad. My relationship with Levi helped to ease my insecurities and fear of abandonment, but limerence becomes pathological when a person prioritises the fantasy version of someone over the real, live version of them — especially because those two versions don’t often add up.

It took me a long time to distill the idea of my LO from the reality of my experience. Love demands a willingness to meet the other person in the moment, and the truth is, some nights I’d hide from Levi — in a closet or my sister’s room — as he wandered around my dark, empty house looking for me.

Coming to terms with how — and why — I created these maladaptive coping strategies was a pivotal turning point in my emotional development. As a child, I longed to grow up with answers and a sense of certainty — to be taught to believe in things like God and the Red Sox. During adolescence, my limerent object became my mental, emotional and spiritual bypass to get me through. As an adult, I was still using archaic coping mechanisms as a means to self-regulate. I knew that if I wanted to be fully autonomous and present in my life, I needed to let them go.

These days, as a mother and wife, I understand that love is an action, not just a feeling. I am responsible for creating my own happily-ever-after. While it’s impossible to have all the answers, I try to be honest with myself and others about the things I don’t understand. I believe that showing up and being present with the people I love, even when it’s difficult, is the best thing I can do — like when my son has a sensory meltdown and I sit with him until he stops screaming, or when my husband and I have a disagreement, I stay in the room and work it out.

Equally difficult, I allow — often force — myself to witness moments of beauty — like how my younger son still loves to climb into my bed each morning and press himself into the folds of my body. I know these moments are fleeting.

Anna with her father (1988).

Courtesy of Anna Sullivan

Anna with her father (1988).

Limerence is not love. It’s born from an unmet psychological need, and I believe that it can only be extinguished through the act of self-compassion. This involves the ongoing practice of forgiving myself for the mistakes I made when I was young, and forgiving my parents for their limitations, too. The truth is, my parents often failed me, but that doesn’t mean that they were failures. I know they loved me and did the best they could.

Over time, I’ve gotten better at sitting with uncomfortable feelings like grief, shame, anxiety and sadness. Therapy has helped a lot. And Al-Anon, which taught me how to practice discernment, or “the wisdom to know the difference.” At the end of the day, I know that I’ve developed the skills and self-assurance to move through life’s challenges without needing to check out. I’m working to rebuild my self-esteem from within instead of seeking validation from others, and I’m much more aware when I turn to fantasy as a means of self-regulation (like binging a show on Netflix). Most importantly, I’ve come to accept that my deepest longings belong to me — these primeval yearnings cannot be filled by another person.

Occasionally, I still think of my limerent object. Levi will appear in my dreams or pop into my head at random times during the day, and he’s always a much younger version of himself. However, the memories now feel less charged, and slightly melancholic. I understand the longing for a person who was always there and never there. Like a ghost, he’ll forever roam the halls of my childhood home — lit up with moonlight — searching for someone to hold in the night.

Note: Some names and identifying details have been changed to protect the privacy of individuals mentioned in this essay.

Anna Sullivan is a mental health therapist, author and co-host of “Healing + Dealing.” She has written for The New York Times, Vogue, Cosmopolitan, HuffPost, Today, Newsweek, Salon and more. She is currently writing a book, “Truth Or Consequences,” about going through early induced menopause due to cancer treatment. Find more from her at annasullivan.net.

Do you have a compelling personal story you’d like to see published on HuffPost? Find out what we’re looking for here and send us a pitch at pitch@huffpost.com.

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The Psychology Behind Why You Forget Things After Walking Through A Door

We watched our parents, grandparents and even teachers do it – and now it’s our turn… Walking with purpose through a door, so sure about what we’re heading into another room to do and then, out of nowhere, we’ve forgotten.

It’s so annoying. “It can’t have been that important,” a loved one reassures you.

You know deep down though, it was important. It wasn’t forgettable but you’ve somehow managed to forget in the split second it took for you to walk into the next room. It’s gone. It’s done. You’ll have to remember again later.

Now, repeat for the rest of your life.

Why do we forget what we’re doing when we walk through a door?

You will be relieved to hear that this is a real thing and it is actually very aptly named ‘The Doorway Effect’. The phenomenon comes down to how our minds are organised, not how forgetful we are.

For almost 20 years, psychologists at the University of Notre Dame Indiana have been investigating this issue. In one study, the team used a virtual reality setup to show that their volunteers’ memory of items in a room was diminished once they walked through a doorway into another room.

Their explanation for this is that our memories are divided into episodes.

This means that we find it trickier to recall information from earlier episodes and, critically, when we walk through a doorway, it creates a new episode or ‘event boundary’.

This new event boundary makes it more difficult to recall our purpose, which was stored in the previous memory episode.

Basically, our brain does a little refresh as we walk through a door.

Or, as Psychology professor Gabriel Radvansky said: “Entering or exiting through a doorway serves as an ‘event boundary’ in the mind, which separates episodes of activity and files them away.

“Recalling the decision or activity that was made in a different room is difficult because it has been compartmentalised.”

How to remember what you were going to do

Health experts at Brainline recommend the following steps:

  • Avoid trying to do too many things at once.
  • Repeat the name of the object of your search over and over until you find it
  • Write down what you’re looking for. Even just one word may be enough to trigger your recall.
  • Take something with you to remind you what you’re looking for. For example, if you’re looking for your purse, take the bill you intend to pay.
  • Retrace your steps. For some, going back to the “scene of the crime” helps them recall what they’re looking for.
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This Is How Optimism Can Help Your Physical And Mental Health

While wildfires are ravaging L.A and right-wing internet personalities are making terrifying waves, it may feel like optimism is the most impossible emotion to find in these times.

However, optimism and hope are forces for good, and it turns out, can actually benefit both your physical and mental health, too.

Speaking to Futurity, lawyer Scott L Rogers says: “Optimism shapes how individuals interpret situations, often reducing their perceived stressfulness.

“Moreover, when faced with a stressful situation, optimism can help navigate it more effectively, leading to better outcomes that enhance emotional well-being.”

He adds: “Research suggests that approaching life’s events with a more optimistic outlook can enhance physical health, partly due to the release of hormones and neurotransmitters that improve mood and provide protective effects on the body.

“Additionally, positive emotions associated with optimism may boost the immune system, making the body more resistant to infections, reducing the risk of chronic diseases, and offering protection against anxiety and depression.”

So, how do we become more optimistic?

Dr Ricardo Twumasi, lecturer in organisational psychiatry and psychology at King’s College London spoke with The i Paper about optimism and said: “I would generally define optimism as, in a situation where a positive and negative outcome are both likely, to expect the favourable outcome. There’s still a groundedness and rationality to it. You can be optimistic but pragmatic.”

So, optimism is less blind faith and more believing that the good thing that’s posisble to happen, will happen. If it’s just as likely as the bad possibility, where’s the harm in looking on the bright side?

He recommends setting small, practical goals for yourself and acknowledging when you’ve achieved them.

He said: “Changing to the point that you think about life in a more positive way is a big change, but it happens behaviourally on a really small level, and all those small behaviours build up into the way we interact with the world.”

Make tiny changes it is.

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The Psychology Behind Haunted Houses And Why We’re Drawn To Them

Is there anything more enticing than a haunted house?

Yes, we should all know better after many, many horror films have been set in them, but there’s just something so alluring about sharing a house with spirits that have long-since left the mortal realm.

If you’re with me here and you enjoy this mythology, you may be disappointed by what I’m about to reveal.

You see, the thing is, most of the features of “haunted” houses can unfortunately be explained away by science.

The science behind haunted houses

Writing for BBC Science Focus, Dr Alistair Gun, a radio astronomer reveals: “The vast majority of paranormal investigations have been of the pseudoscientific variety – based on incorrect, incomplete or misrepresented science, or invalid due to bias, manipulation, assumption or omission.”

He goes on to explain: “It’s an unscientific leap of faith to believe in alien visitation based solely on unexplained sightings.

“The same is true for the belief in ghosts; there’s no scientific rationale for it. Science does offer some potential explanations for hauntings. Most are environmental or psychological in nature.”

Unfortunately, our whimsy can’t outweigh science.

In fact, the explanation is likely something very normal, according to Gun. Sleep paralysis, sleep deprivation and stress can all play into experiencing hallucinations and visual disturbances.

Additionally, “haunted” houses are more likely to have mould and some variations of mould can lead to hallucinations.

So, if you think your home is haunted, you may want to check for it.

Why do we enjoy being scared?

Why is this disappointing news, though? Why are we so drawn to being scared in a controlled setting like a haunted house or even just watching a scary film? Are we okay?

The British Psychological Society says: “There is a neuropsychological reason – we get an adrenalin rush when something spooks us or something scary happens which releases endorphins and dopamine, so put simply, there is a chemical process that creates a similar sense of euphoria.

“Some say that having a ‘scary ghost experience’ is like being on a rollercoaster, we are hijacking the natural flight response and enjoying it.”

Makes perfect sense.

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